Shloka 10
अध्याय ४ — दुर्योधनस्य असंधि-निश्चयः
Duryodhana’s Refusal of Reconciliation
Devanagari script
वधे चैव परो धर्मस्तथाधर्म: पलायने । ते सम घोरां समापन्ना जीविकां जीवितार्थिन:
Translation
“In war, to slay the enemy—or to be slain by the enemy’s hand—both are held to be the highest dharma; but to flee from battle is great adharma, a grievous sin. All kṣatriyas, seeking life and livelihood, take refuge in that grim profession.”
Word by Word
वधेin killing / in slaying
वधे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
परःhighest / supreme
परः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty / righteousness
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाso / likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अधर्मःunrighteousness / sin
अधर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पलायनेin fleeing / in flight
पलायने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपलायन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सम्together / wholly (prefix-like particle)
सम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्
घोराम्terrible
घोराम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
समापन्नाःhaving resorted to / having entered upon
समापन्नाः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आपद्
FormPast active participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
जीविकाम्livelihood / means of living
जीविकाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीविका
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
जीवितार्थिनःseeking life / desirous of living
जीवितार्थिनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवितार्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes