Shloka 49

Devanagari script

भीमस्तु समरे क्रुद्धः पुत्र तव जनाधिप

Transliteration

bhīmas tu samare kruddhaḥ putra tava janādhipa

Translation

Sañjaya said: O king, your son—Bhīma—was enraged in the midst of battle.

Word by Word

• भीमः: Bhima
• भीमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• क्रुद्धः: angered
• क्रुद्धः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

• पुत्र: O son
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• तव: of you/your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Singular

• जनाधिप: O ruler of men (king)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनाधिप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīma
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address: janādhipa, 'O king')

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how anger can become a decisive force in war, raising an ethical tension: even when battle is sanctioned by duty, the warrior’s inner state (krodha) can push action beyond measured righteousness, making self-control a crucial moral concern.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the king that Bhīma, on the battlefield, has become intensely enraged—an emotional turning point that typically precedes a fierce assault or a significant act of combat in the surrounding passage.