Shloka 11

Devanagari script

हत्वा तव बल सर्व संग्रामे धृतराष्ट्रज: । जितान्‌ पाण्डुसुतान्‌ मत्वा रूपं धारयते महत्‌

Transliteration

hatvā tava balaṁ sarvaṁ saṅgrāme dhṛtarāṣṭrajaḥ | jitān pāṇḍusutān matvā rūpaṁ dhārayate mahat ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Having slain all your forces in the battle, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra—imagining that the sons of Pāṇḍu have been conquered—assumes a grand and imposing demeanor.

Word by Word

• हत्वा: having slain
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (√हन्)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage-neutral here), non-finite

• तव: of you/your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: any, षष्ठी (genitive), एकवचन

• बलम्: army/strength
• बलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल
• Form: नपुंसक, द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन

• सर्वम्: entire/all
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: नपुंसक, द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन

• संग्रामे: in battle
• संग्रामे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: संग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (locative), एकवचन

• धृतराष्ट्रजः: son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
• धृतराष्ट्रजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृतराष्ट्रज
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (nominative), एकवचन

• जितान्: conquered/defeated
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जि (√जि)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (accusative), बहुवचन

• पाण्डुसुतान्: the sons of Pāṇḍu (Pāṇḍavas)
• पाण्डुसुतान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डुसुत
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (accusative), बहुवचन

• मत्वा: having thought/considered
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (√मन्)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage-neutral here), non-finite

• रूपम्: form/appearance
• रूपम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप
• Form: नपुंसक, द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन

• धारयते: assumes/bears
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ (√धृ)
• Form: लट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथम, एकवचन

• महत्: great
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: नपुंसक, द्वितीया (accusative), एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Dhṛtarāṣṭraja (a Kaurava prince)
• Pāṇḍusuta (the Pāṇḍavas)
• battle/saṅgrāma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse points to the ethical danger of moha (delusion) and mada (pride) born from violence: after destroying others, one may mistake temporary advantage for true victory and adopt an inflated self-image, ignoring the larger moral and karmic consequences.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that a Kaurava prince, after slaughtering Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s forces in the fighting, believes the Pāṇḍavas have been defeated and therefore carries himself with a grand, triumphant bearing.