Shloka 8

शल्यपर्वणि प्रथमाध्यायः — Karṇa-vadha-anantaraṃ Śalya-niyogaḥ, Saṃjayasya Dhṛtarāṣṭra-nivedanam

Devanagari script

शल्यं सेनापतिं कृत्वा विधिवद्‌ राजपुड़व: । रणाय निर्ययौ राजा हतशेषैनपै: सह

Transliteration

śalyaṃ senāpatiṃ kṛtvā vidhivad rājapūḍavaḥ | raṇāya niryayau rājā hataśeṣair nṛpaiḥ saha ||

Translation

Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Having duly appointed Śalya as commander-in-chief, the Pāṇḍava king set out for battle, accompanied by the surviving kings—those who remained after the great slaughter.

Word by Word

• शल्यं: Shalya (as object: Shalya)
• शल्यं: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शल्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सेनापतिं: commander-in-chief
• सेनापतिं: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेनापति
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कृत्वा: having made/appointed
• कृत्वा: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• विधिवत्: according to rule; duly
• विधिवत्: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विधिवत्

• राजपुत्रवः: the princes (sons of the king)
• राजपुत्रवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजपुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• रणाय: for battle
• रणाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• निर्ययौ: went forth; marched out
• Type: Verb
• Root: निर्-या
• Form: Liṭ (Perfect), Perfect (past), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हतशेषैः: with the remaining survivors (those left after being slain)
• हतशेषैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हतशेष
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• नृपैः: with kings
• नृपैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सह: together with
• सह: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśaṃpāyana
• Śalya
• Pāṇḍava (king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira implied)
• surviving kings (hataśeṣa nṛpāḥ)
• battle (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in the chaos and moral burden of war, rightful governance requires orderly procedure (vidhivat) and responsible leadership; the survivors proceed with duty-bound resolve rather than celebratory aggression.

What is happening in the narrative?

After heavy losses, the Pāṇḍava king formally appoints Śalya as commander-in-chief and then marches out to battle together with the remaining allied kings.