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Shloka 20

दुःशासननिग्रहः—द्रोणधृष्टद्युम्नयुद्धप्रसङ्गः

Rebuke of Duḥśāsana; Context of the Droṇa–Dhṛṣṭadyumna Combat

ततस्तौ समरे शूरो योधयन्तौ परस्परम्‌ । ददृशु: सर्वसैन्यानि शक्रजम्भौ यथा पुरा

tatastau samare śūro yodhayantau parasparam | dadṛśuḥ sarvasainyāni śakrajambhau yathā purā ||

Sañjaya said: Then those two heroes, locked in combat and striking one another in the thick of battle, were beheld by all the armies—like Indra and Jambha of old.

ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereafter')
तौthose two
तौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, nominative, dual
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, locative, singular
शूरौthe two heroes
शूरौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, nominative, dual
योधयन्तौfighting (causing to fight/engaging in combat)
योधयन्तौ:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), nominative dual masculine
परस्परम्each other / mutually
परस्परम्:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
FormAvyaya (reciprocal adverb)
ददृशुःsaw
ददृशुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, plural, Parasmaipada
सर्वसैन्यानिall the armies
सर्वसैन्यानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वसैन्य
FormNeuter, accusative, plural
शक्रजम्भौIndra and Jambha
शक्रजम्भौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशक्रजम्भ
FormMasculine, nominative, dual
यथाas/like
यथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
FormAvyaya (comparative)
पुराformerly/once
पुरा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
FormAvyaya (temporal)

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
शक्र/इन्द्र (Śakra/Indra)
जम्भ (Jambha)
सर्वसैन्यानि (all armies)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how martial valor becomes a public spectacle in war, yet it is framed through a mythic comparison (Indra vs. Jambha) that reminds the listener of the recurring, archetypal nature of conflict and the heavy ethical weight borne by warriors amid mass suffering.

Sañjaya reports that two heroic fighters are engaged in a direct duel, striking each other in battle, and that all the assembled armies watch them—just as people once beheld the ancient combat between Indra (Śakra) and the demon Jambha.