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Shloka 23

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 96: Sātyaki’s Line-Penetration, Encirclement, and Advance toward Arjuna

युधिष्ठिरश्न मे ग्राह्मो मिषतां सर्वधन्विनाम्‌ । एवं मया प्रतिज्ञातं क्षत्रमध्ये महाभुज,त्वरन्नेकरथेनैव समेत्य द्रोणमब्रवीत्‌ । संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! तदनन्तर जब कुन्तीकुमार अर्जुन सिन्धुराज जयद्रथका वध करनेकी इच्छासे द्रोणाचार्य और कृतवर्माका दुस्तर सेना-व्यूह भेदन करके आपकी सेनामें प्रविष्ट हो गये और सव्यसाची अर्जुनके हाथसे जब काम्बोजराजकुमार सुदक्षिण तथा पराक्रमी श्रुतायुध मार दिये गये तथा जब सारी सेनाएँ नष्ट-भ्रष्ट होकर चारों ओर भाग खड़ी हुईं, उस समय अपनी सम्पूर्ण सेनामें भगदड़ मची देख आपका पुत्र दुर्योधन बड़ी उतावलीके साथ एकमात्र रथके द्वारा द्रोणाचार्यके पास गया और उनसे मिलकर इस प्रकार बोला-- महाबाहो! मैंने क्षत्रियोंके बीचमें यह प्रतिज्ञा की है कि समस्त धनुर्धरोंके देखते-देखते युधिष्ठिरको कैद कर लूँगा

sañjaya uvāca | yudhiṣṭhiraś ca me grāhyo miṣatāṁ sarva-dhanvinām | evaṁ mayā pratijñātaṁ kṣatra-madhye mahā-bhuja, tvarann eka-rathenaiva sametya droṇam abravīt |

Sañjaya said: “O King! ‘Yudhiṣṭhira must be seized by me, even while all the bowmen look on.’ Thus had I vowed in the midst of the warriors.” Seeing his army thrown into confusion, your son Duryodhana hurried alone in a single chariot to Droṇa, met him, and spoke these words—pressing his personal oath as a matter of kṣatriya honor amid the moral strain of a collapsing battlefield.

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
ग्राह्यःto be seized / capturable
ग्राह्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootग्रह्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, gerundive (तव्य/यत् sense), ‘to be seized’
मिषताम्of those looking on
मिषताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootमिष्
Form—, Genitive, Plural, present active participle used substantively
सर्वall
सर्व:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
धन्विनाम्of archers
धन्विनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootधन्विन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
प्रतिज्ञातम्promised / vowed
प्रतिज्ञातम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-ज्ञा
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, past passive participle
क्षत्रamong kṣatriyas
क्षत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
मध्येin the midst
मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
महाभुजO mighty-armed one
महाभुज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाभुज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्वरन्hastening
त्वरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootत्वर्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, present active participle
एकwith one (single)
एक:
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
रथेनby a chariot
रथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
एवindeed / only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
समेत्यhaving approached / meeting
समेत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-इ
Formabsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्)
द्रोणम्Droṇa
द्रोणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said / spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied addressee: rājan)
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Duryodhana
D
Droṇa (Droṇācārya)
A
archers/bowmen (sarva-dhanvin)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how a warrior’s public vow (pratijñā) becomes a binding force in kṣatriya culture—driving action even amid chaos. It also points to the ethical pressure of reputation in war: the desire to fulfill an oath can intensify conflict and narrow moral judgment.

As the battle situation deteriorates for the Kauravas, Duryodhana rushes alone to Droṇa and reminds him of his pledge: to capture Yudhiṣṭhira in full view of the archers. He seeks Droṇa’s support to accomplish this objective.