Shloka 5

अलंकृत्योपहारं त॑ नैशं तस्मै न्यवेदयत्‌ । स्मयमानस्तु गोविन्द: फाल्गुन॑ प्रत्यभाषत,तत्पश्चात्‌ अर्जुनने प्रसन्नचित्त होकर श्रीकृष्णको गन्ध और मालाओंसे अलंकृत करके रात्रिका वह सारा उपहार उन्हींको समर्पित किया। तब मुसकराते हुए भगवान्‌ गोविन्द अर्जुनसे बोले--

sañjaya uvāca |

alaṅkṛtyopahāraṃ taṃ naiśaṃ tasmai nyavedayat |

smayamānas tu govindaḥ phālgunaṃ pratyabhāṣata ||

Sañjaya said: Having adorned Kṛṣṇa with the night’s offerings—fragrances and garlands—Arjuna presented that entire gift to Him. Then Govinda, smiling, addressed Phālguna (Arjuna). The scene reveals a warrior’s humility and devotion: reverence and self-offering come before counsel and action.

अलंकृत्यhaving adorned
अलंकृत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअलंकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
उपहारम्gift/offering
उपहारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपहार (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नैशम्nightly/pertaining to the night
नैशम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनैश (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तस्मैto him
तस्मै:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
न्यवेदयत्offered/presented
न्यवेदयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + वेद्/विद् (धातु) (निवेदयति = causative of √विद्/√वेद् in sense 'to inform/offer')
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular
स्मयमानःsmiling
स्मयमानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्मयमान (प्रातिपदिक; from √स्मि/स्मय्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
गोविन्दःGovinda (Krishna)
गोविन्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोविन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
फाल्गुनम्Phalguna (Arjuna)
फाल्गुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफाल्गुन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रत्यभाषतspoke to/replied to
प्रत्यभाषत:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति + भाष् (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
G
Govinda (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
P
Phālguna (Arjuna)
N
nightly offering (upahāra)
F
fragrance (gandha)
G
garlands (mālā)

Educational Q&A

Even in a battlefield setting, right action is grounded in humility and devotion: Arjuna first honors Kṛṣṇa with offerings, indicating surrender of ego and readiness to receive guidance before undertaking consequential deeds.

Sañjaya narrates that Arjuna adorns Kṛṣṇa with fragrances and garlands and offers the night’s gifts to Him; Kṛṣṇa (Govinda), smiling, then begins to speak to Arjuna (Phālguna), signaling an ensuing counsel or instruction.