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Shloka 40

ततो बाणमयं वर्ष द्रोणपुत्रस्य मूर्थनि । अवासृजदमेयात्मा पाज्चाल्यो रथिनां वर:,तत्पश्चात्‌ अमेय आत्मबलसे सम्पन्न, रथियोंमें श्रेष्ठ पांचालपुत्र धृष्टद्युम्नने अश्वत्थामाके मस्तकपर बाणोंकी वर्षा आरम्भ कर दी

tato bāṇamayaṃ varṣaṃ droṇaputrasya mūrdhani | avāsṛjad ameyātmā pāñcālyo rathināṃ varaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Thereupon the Pāñcāla prince Dhṛṣṭadyumna—of immeasurable spirit and foremost among chariot-warriors—let loose a rain of arrows upon the head of Droṇa’s son (Aśvatthāmā).

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
बाणमयम्made of arrows
बाणमयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबाणमय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वर्षम्a shower, rain (of missiles)
वर्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
द्रोणपुत्रस्यof Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāman)
द्रोणपुत्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोणपुत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मूर्धनिon (his) head
मूर्धनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमूर्धन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अवासृजत्he discharged, let loose
अवासृजत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अमेयात्माhe whose self/might is immeasurable
अमेयात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअमेयात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पाञ्चाल्यःthe Pāñcāla prince (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)
पाञ्चाल्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चाल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथिनाम्of chariot-warriors
रथिनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वरःbest, excellent
वरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Droṇa
A
Aśvatthāmā (Droṇaputra)
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Pāñcālya)
A
arrows (bāṇa)
C
chariot-warriors (rathin)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the relentless momentum of kṣatriya warfare: excellence, resolve, and tactical aggression are exercised as part of battlefield duty. Ethically, it underscores the Mahābhārata’s recurring tension—dharma in war is not serene; it is enacted amid violence, rivalry, and the necessity to confront formidable opponents.

Sañjaya reports that Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the Pāñcāla prince and a leading chariot-fighter, begins a fierce assault by showering Aśvatthāmā (Droṇa’s son) with a dense volley of arrows, striking toward his head—signaling an intensification of their combat.