Shloka 40

ततो द्रोणो ब्राह्ममस्त्रं विकुर्वाणो नरर्षभ: । व्यहनच्छात्रवान्‌ भल्लै: शतशो5थ सहस्रश:

tato droṇo brāhmam astraṁ vikurvāṇo nararṣabhaḥ | vyahanac chātravān bhallaiḥ śataśo ’tha sahasraśaḥ ||

Then Droṇa, that bull among men, set the Brahmā-weapon into active operation. With razor-headed arrows he struck down the helmeted warriors—by the hundreds, and then by the thousands.

ततःthen, thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereupon')
द्रोणःDrona
द्रोणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
ब्राह्मम्Brahma-related, Brahmic
ब्राह्मम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootब्राह्म
FormNeuter, accusative, singular
अस्त्रम्weapon, missile
अस्त्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअस्त्र
FormNeuter, accusative, singular
विकुर्वाणःwielding, employing, performing
विकुर्वाणः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि + कृ
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), masculine, nominative, singular
नरर्षभःbull among men, best of men
नरर्षभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
व्यहनत्struck, slew, smote
व्यहनत्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootवि + हन्
FormImperfect (लङ्), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
छात्रवान्those with umbrellas/shields (umbrella-bearers)
छात्रवान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootछात्रवत्
FormMasculine, accusative, plural
भल्लैःwith arrows (bhallas)
भल्लैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभल्ल
FormMasculine, instrumental, plural
शतशःby hundreds
शतशः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशतशस्
FormAvyaya (distributive adverb)
अथand then, moreover
अथ:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
FormAvyaya
सहस्रशःby thousands
सहस्रशः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहस्रशस्
FormAvyaya (distributive adverb)

कृप उवाच

D
Droṇa
B
Brāhmāstra (Brahmā-weapon)
B
bhalla (razor-headed arrows)
H
helmeted warriors (chātravān)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how the use of supreme astras can rapidly magnify destruction; it implicitly raises the ethical question of proportionality in warfare—whether extraordinary power should be unleashed when it leads to indiscriminate, large-scale slaughter.

Kṛpa describes Droṇa deploying the Brāhmāstra and cutting down large numbers of helmeted fighters with bhalla arrows, indicating a decisive and intensified phase of the battle where celestial weaponry overwhelms ordinary troops.