Shloka 40

न्यस्यायुधं रणे विप्र द्रोण मा त्वं चिरं कृथा: । मा पापिष्ठतरं कर्म करिष्यसि पुनर्द्धिज,“विप्रवर द्रोण! रणभूमिमें अपना अस्त्र-शस्त्र रख दो, इस कार्यमें विलम्ब न करो। ब्रह्म! अब फिर ऐसा अत्यन्त पापपूर्ण कर्म न करना”

nyasyāyudhaṃ raṇe vipra droṇa mā tvaṃ ciraṃ kṛthāḥ | mā pāpiṣṭhataraṃ karma kariṣyasi punar dvija ||

Sañjaya said: “O Brahmin, Droṇa—lay down your weapons on the battlefield; do not delay in this. O twice-born, do not again commit an act even more sinful.”

न्यस्यhaving laid down / putting down
न्यस्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√अस् (न्यास)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
आयुधम्weapon
आयुधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआयुध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विप्रO brahmin
विप्र:
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
द्रोणO Drona
द्रोण:
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
Formprohibitive particle (with imperative/optative)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
चिरम्for long / long (time)
चिरम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचिर
Formadverb
कृथाःdo / make
कृथाः:
TypeVerb
Root√कृ
Formलोट् (imperative), परस्मैपद, Second, Singular
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
Formprohibitive particle
पापिष्ठतरम्more sinful / very sinful
पापिष्ठतरम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपाप (पापिष्ठतर-)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, comparative (तर) with superlative base पापिष्ठ
कर्मdeed, act
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
करिष्यसिyou will do
करिष्यसि:
TypeVerb
Root√कृ
Formलृट् (simple future), परस्मैपद, Second, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
Formadverb
द्विजO twice-born (brahmin)
द्विज:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Droṇa
W
weapons (āyudha)
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

Even amid war, one must recognize a moral boundary: when an action becomes pāpa (sinful, ethically blameworthy), restraint and cessation are urged. The verse frames dropping weapons as an immediate ethical corrective and warns against repeating or escalating wrongdoing.

Sañjaya reports an urgent admonition addressed to Droṇa on the battlefield: he is told to set down his weapons without delay and is cautioned not to commit another deed considered even more sinful—signaling a moment of moral crisis within the ongoing combat.