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Shloka 18

दृष्टवा द्रोणाय पाज्चाल्यं व्रजन्तं युद्धदुर्मदम्‌ । यमाभ्यां तांश्व संसक्तांस्तदन्तरमुपाद्रवत्‌

dṛṣṭvā droṇāya pāñcālyaṃ vrajantaṃ yuddha-durmadam | yamābhyāṃ tāṃś ca saṃsaktāṃs tad-antaram upādravat ||

Sañjaya said: Seeing the Pāñcāla warrior rush toward Droṇa, drunk with the frenzy of battle, and noticing fighters locked in close combat between the twin Yamas, he swiftly charged into that gap. Thus, even beneath war’s moral weight, a tactical opening is seized in an instant, while warriors are driven on by wrath and martial pride.

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), परस्मैपद-भावार्थ
द्रोणायto Drona
द्रोणाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
पाञ्चाल्यम्the Panchala prince (Dhrishtadyumna)
पाञ्चाल्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चाल्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
व्रजन्तम्going, proceeding
व्रजन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootव्रज्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
युद्ध-दुर्मदम्maddened by battle / battle-intoxicated
युद्ध-दुर्मदम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयुद्ध + दुर्मद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यमाभ्याम्with two restraints (yamas) / with two checks
यमाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Dual
तान्those (men)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संसक्तान्engaged, closely attached/locked (in fight)
संसक्तान्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootसंसञ्ज्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Plural
तत्-अन्तरम्that interval / the gap between them
तत्-अन्तरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतद् + अन्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपाद्रवत्ran up, rushed towards
उपाद्रवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप + द्रु
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Droṇa
P
Pāñcālya (Pāñcāla warrior)
Y
Yamau (the twin Yamas)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how war inflames the mind (yuddha-durmadam), and how, in such a morally fraught arena, warriors act with swift opportunism—charging into even a momentary opening. It implicitly cautions that battle-frenzy can eclipse restraint, making ethical clarity harder to maintain.

Sañjaya describes a Pāñcāla warrior rushing toward Droṇa in battle-fury. At the same time, fighters are tightly engaged between the twin warriors called the Yamau; seeing the gap created in that engagement, someone (the subject implied by upādravat) charges into that interval.