Shloka 17

Devanagari script

ते तदापारयन्तश्न हीमन्तश्ष विशेषत:

Transliteration

te tadā pārayantaś ca hīmantāḥ viśeṣataḥ

Translation

Sañjaya said: At that time they strove to carry it through to completion—especially with the onset of the cold season—pressing on with heightened effort amid the harsh conditions that attend the campaign of war.

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

• अपारयन्: they were unable / they did not accomplish
• अपारयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: पॄ (पारयति)
• Form: imperfect (laṅ), 3rd, plural, parasmaipada

• हि: indeed / for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• अन्तः: within / inside
• अन्तः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तः

• विशेषतः: especially
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विशेषतः

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights steadfast perseverance: even when conditions worsen (here, the cold season), people intensify their effort to complete what they have undertaken—an ethical reminder about endurance and resolve amid adversity.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya continues his report to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, noting that the participants were pressing on to accomplish their objective at that time, with particular emphasis on the difficulties and urgency associated with the winter season.