Shloka 1

संजय कहते हैं--महाराज! जिस समय वह भयंकर घमासान युद्ध चल रहा था, उसी समय धृष्टट्युम्नने द्रोणाचार्यपर चढ़ाई की

sañjaya uvāca—mahārāja! yasmin samaye sa bhayaṅkaraḥ ghamāsāna-yuddhaḥ pravartamāna āsīt, tasminn eva samaye dhṛṣṭadyumno droṇācārye prati āruroha (abhyapatat).

Sanjaya said: “O King, while that dreadful, all-consuming battle was raging, at that very moment Dhrishtadyumna launched an assault against Acharya Drona.”

सञ्जयःSanjaya
सञ्जयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसञ्जय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
घोरम्terrible
घोरम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
युद्धम्battle/war
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रवृत्तम्having begun / in progress
प्रवृत्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवृत्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तदाthen/at that time
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
धृष्टद्युम्नःDhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्रोणाचार्यम्Dronacharya
द्रोणाचार्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोणाचार्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभ्यधावत्rushed upon / attacked
अभ्यधावत्:
TypeVerb
Rootधाव्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, अभि

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhritarashtra
D
Dhrishtadyumna
D
Dronacharya
K
Kurukshetra war (implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a decisive wartime confrontation: even revered figures like a teacher (Drona) become targets when dharma is contested on the battlefield, highlighting the harsh ethical tension between personal reverence and kshatriya duty in total war.

During an intense phase of the Kurukshetra battle, Dhrishtadyumna advances directly to attack Dronacharya, as reported by Sanjaya to King Dhritarashtra.