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Shloka 48

Nakula–Śakuni Duel and the Night Battle; Śikhaṇḍin–Kṛpa Engagement (नकुल-शकुनियुद्धं तथा रात्रियुद्धवर्णनम्)

क्षीणायुधे सात्वते युध्यमाने ततोअब्रवीदर्जुनं वासुदेव: । पश्यस्वैनं विरथं युध्यमानं रणे वरं सर्वधनुर्धराणाम्‌

kṣīṇāyudhe sātvate yudhyamāne tato 'bravīd arjunaṃ vāsudevaḥ | paśyainam virathaṃ yudhyamānaṃ raṇe varaṃ sarvadhanuṣdharāṇām ||

Sañjaya said: When the Sātvata hero was fighting with his weapons spent, Vāsudeva then spoke to Arjuna: “Look at him—fighting on though bereft of his chariot—foremost in battle among all bowmen.” The moment underscores steadfast valor and the ethical weight of witnessing courage even in an enemy, amid the harsh demands of war.

क्षीणायुधेwhen (he) whose weapons were exhausted
क्षीणायुधे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षीणायुध
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सात्वतेin/with the Sātvata (Kṛṣṇa)
सात्वते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसात्वत
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
युध्यमानेwhile fighting
युध्यमाने:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Locative, Singular
ततःthen/from thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अर्जुनम्to Arjuna
अर्जुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वासुदेवःVāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
वासुदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवासुदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पश्यस्वsee!/behold!
पश्यस्व:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
FormImperative (लोट्), 2nd, Singular, Ātmanepada
एनम्this one/him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विरथम्without a chariot (dismounted)
विरथम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
युध्यमानम्fighting
युध्यमानम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वरम्excellent, best
वरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सर्वधनुर्धराणाम्of all bowmen
सर्वधनुर्धराणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वधनुर्धर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna
V
Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
B
battlefield (raṇa)
C
chariot (ratha)

Educational Q&A

Even amid righteous warfare, one should recognize and acknowledge extraordinary courage and skill; ethical perception includes seeing merit clearly, not only hostility.

Sañjaya reports that as the Sātvata hero fights with depleted means, Kṛṣṇa (Vāsudeva) draws Arjuna’s attention to a chariotless warrior still battling fiercely, calling him the foremost among archers.