Shloka 31

अथैनं पज्चविंशत्या सायकानां समार्पयत्‌ । अवप्लुत्य रथाच्चैद्यो गदामादाय सत्वर:

athainaṁ pañcaviṁśatyā sāyakānāṁ samārpayat | avaplutya rathāc caidyo gadām ādāya satvaraḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Then he struck him with a volley of twenty-five arrows. Leaping down from his chariot, the king of Cedi swiftly seized his mace—shifting from missile warfare to close combat in the heat of battle, where courage and resolve are tested as much as skill.

अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (एतद्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पञ्चविंशत्याwith twenty-five
पञ्चविंशत्या:
Karana
TypeNumeral
Rootपञ्चविंशति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सायकानाम्of arrows
सायकानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसायक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
समार्पयत्he struck/plied (him) with; he delivered
समार्पयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√र्प् (अर्पयति)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
अवप्लुत्यhaving leapt down
अवप्लुत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-√प्लु (प्लवते/प्लुति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for ktvā)
रथात्from the chariot
रथात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
चैद्यःthe Caidya (king of Cedi)
चैद्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun (patronymic/ethnonym used as proper epithet)
Rootचैद्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गदाम्a mace
गदाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगदा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आदायhaving taken up
आदाय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√दा (ददाति/आदत्ते)
Formल्यप् (gerund/absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for lyap)
सत्वरःswiftly; in haste
सत्वरः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
C
Caidya (king/warrior of Cedi)
R
ratha (chariot)
S
sāyaka (arrows)
G
gadā (mace)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ethos in war: when circumstances shift, a warrior adapts—moving from ranged weapons to hand-to-hand combat—showing resolve, courage, and readiness to meet danger directly.

After striking his opponent with twenty-five arrows, the Cedi warrior jumps down from his chariot and quickly takes up a mace, signaling an immediate transition from chariot-archery to close-quarters fighting.