Shloka 11

Devanagari script

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा सोदर्य: परिवारित: । भीष्म॑ जुगोप समरे वर्तमाने जनक्षये,जिस समय युद्धमें वह जनसंहार हो रहा था, उसी समय राजा दुर्योधन अपने भाइयोंसे घिरा हुआ वहाँ आ पहुँचा और भीष्मकी रक्षा करने लगा

Transliteration

tato duryodhano rājā sodaryaiḥ parivāritaḥ | bhīṣmaṁ jugopa samare vartamāne janakṣaye ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then King Duryodhana, surrounded by his own brothers, arrived there; and as the battle raged on amid great slaughter of men, he set himself to protect Bhīṣma. In the midst of mass killing, the king’s loyalty to his commander and elder became visible—duty and attachment intertwined within the moral chaos of war.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: avyaya

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• सोदर्यः: having (his) brothers / fraternal
• सोदर्यः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सोदर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• परिवारितः: surrounded, encircled
• परिवारितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि + √वृ (वृञ् वरणे) → परिवारित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular; past passive participle

• भीष्मम्: Bhishma
• भीष्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• जुगोप: protected, guarded
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गुप् (गुपँ रक्षणे)
• Form: perfect (liṭ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, locative, singular

• वर्तमाने: while (it was) going on, occurring
• वर्तमाने: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √वृत् (वृत्तौ) → वर्तमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine/neuter, locative, singular; present participle (ātmanepada sense)

• जनक्षये: in the destruction of people, in the slaughter
• जनक्षये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन + क्षय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, locative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duryodhana
• Bhīṣma
• Kaurava brothers

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even amid catastrophic violence, characters act from layered motives—duty to protect a revered elder and commander, loyalty to one’s side, and attachment to power. The verse highlights how ‘dharma’ in war is not morally simple: protection and devotion can coexist with participation in mass destruction.

What is happening in the narrative?

During intense fighting and heavy casualties, Duryodhana comes forward with his brothers and takes up a protective position around Bhīṣma, indicating Bhīṣma’s central role in the Kaurava formation and Duryodhana’s concern for safeguarding their foremost warrior.