Shloka 1

भीष्मपर्व — अध्याय ६२: वासुदेवमहात्म्यप्रशंसा (देव–ब्रह्मसंवादः)

Devanagari script

अत अष्टपजञज्चाशत्तमो< ध्याय: पाण्डव-वीरोंका पराक्रम

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | tataste pārthivāḥ kruddhāḥ phālgunaṃ vīkṣya saṃyuge | rathair anekasāhasraiḥ samantāt paryavārayan |

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then those kings, enraged at the sight of Phālguna (Arjuna) on the battlefield, surrounded him on every side with many thousands of chariots.

Word by Word

• संजय: Sanjaya
• संजय: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• ते: those (they)
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पार्थिवाः: kings, rulers
• पार्थिवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थिव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• क्रुद्धाः: angry
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• फाल्गुनम्: Phalguna (Arjuna)
• फाल्गुनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: फाल्गुन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• वीक्ष्य: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: वीक्ष्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund, -त्वा/ल्यप्), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• संयुगे: in battle
• संयुगे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: संयुग
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• रथैः: with chariots
• रथैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• अनेक: many
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनेक

• साहस्रैः: by thousands (thousandfold)
• साहस्रैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: साहस्र
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• समन्तात्: on all sides
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्तात्

• पर्यवारयन्: surrounded, encircled
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृ
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Arjuna (Phālguna)
• kings (pārthivāḥ)
• chariots (ratha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how anger and rivalry can unite many rulers into a single hostile force, escalating violence; ethically, it cautions that unchecked wrath in war magnifies suffering and hardens collective responsibility.

What is happening in the narrative?

After Arjuna becomes visible in the thick of battle, numerous kings on the Kaurava side grow furious and converge with thousands of chariots, encircling him from every direction to contain or overwhelm him.