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Shloka 99

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Discourse and the Elephant-Corps Engagement (भीमगजानीक-सम्भ्रान्ति)

धृष्टय्युम्नस्तु तं दृष्टवा कलिज्ञैः समभिद्रुतम्‌ । भीमसेनममेयात्मा त्राणायाजौ समभ्ययात्‌

dhṛṣṭadyumnas tu taṃ dṛṣṭvā kaliṅgaiḥ samabhidrutam | bhīmasenam ameyātmā trāṇāyājau samabhyayāt ||

Sañjaya said: Seeing Bhīmasena being fiercely rushed upon by the Kaliṅga warriors, Dhṛṣṭadyumna—of immeasurable spirit—advanced on the battlefield to protect him. The scene underscores the kṣatriya ethic of standing by one’s ally in crisis, where courage is shown not as solitary valor but as timely guardianship of a comrade under attack.

धृष्टद्युम्नःDhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
कलिङ्गैःby the Kalingas
कलिङ्गैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकलिङ्ग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
समभिद्रुतम्rushed upon/assailed
समभिद्रुतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-अभि-द्रु (समभिद्रुत)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
भीमसेनम्Bhimasena
भीमसेनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीमसेन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अमेयात्माof immeasurable spirit/strength
अमेयात्मा:
TypeAdjective
Rootअमेयात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्राणायfor protection
त्राणाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootत्राण
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
अजौin battle
अजौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअज (अजि/अजौ)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
समभ्ययात्went up/approached
समभ्ययात्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-अभि-या
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
B
Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
K
Kaliṅga warriors (Kaliṅgas)
B
battlefield (āja)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma expressed as protective responsibility: when an ally is overwhelmed, a leader’s duty is to intervene promptly. Ethical valor here is not mere aggression but safeguarding comrades and maintaining the integrity of one’s side in battle.

Sañjaya reports that Bhīma is being charged by the Kaliṅga fighters. Observing this, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, described as possessing immeasurable spirit, moves toward Bhīma on the battlefield to defend and support him.