Shloka 1
भीष्मपर्व — अध्याय 54: फल्गुन-प्रतिरोधः, सौबली-व्यूह-विध्वंसः, दुर्योधन-भीष्म-संवादः
Devanagari script
ऑपनआ प्रात छा 2 पजञ्चाशत्तमो<्ध्याय: युधिष्ठिरकी चिन्ता
Translation
Sañjaya said: “O bull of the Bharatas, when the armies had finished their respite on the first day, and Bhīṣma was aflame for battle, while Duryodhana rejoiced…”
Word by Word
संजयSanjaya
संजय:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कृतेwhen/after (it was) done
कृते:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकृ
FormLocative absolute marker (kṛte = 'when/after ... was done')
अवहारेin the withdrawal/retreat (from battle)
अवहारे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअवहार
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सैन्यानाम्of the armies
सैन्यानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
प्रथमेon the first (day)
प्रथमे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भीष्मेwhen/with Bhishma
भीष्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
FormConjunction
युद्ध-संरब्धेengaged in battle / eager for battle
युद्ध-संरब्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootयुद्ध-संरब्ध
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हृष्टेwhen (he was) delighted
हृष्टे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहृष्ट
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दुर्योधनेwhen/with Duryodhana
दुर्योधने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
FormAdverb
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes