Shloka 49

Chapter 51: Saṃdhyākāla-saṃhāra

Evening Withdrawal after Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

Devanagari script

विन्दानुविन्दावावन्त्यौ काम्बोजश्च सुदक्षिण: । बृहत्क्षत्रस्थ दायाद: सैन्धवश्च जयद्रथ:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

vindānuvindāv āvantyau kāmbojaś ca sudakṣiṇaḥ |

bṛhatkṣatrastha dāyādaḥ saindhavaś ca jayadrathaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: “Vindā and Anuvindā, the princes of Avanti; Sudakṣiṇa, the king of Kamboja; and Jayadratha, the Saindhava—heir of the house of Bṛhatkṣatra—these are the warriors named here.”

Word by Word

• विन्द: Vind(a) (proper name)
• विन्द: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अनुविन्दौ: Anuvinda (the two / Vind and Anuvinda as a pair in dual usage)
• अनुविन्दौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुविन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• अवन्त्यौ: the two (princes) of Avanti / belonging to Avanti
• अवन्त्यौ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवन्ती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Dual

• काम्बोजः: the Kamboja (king/warrior)
• काम्बोजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम्बोज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सुदक्षिणः: Sudakṣiṇa (proper name)
• सुदक्षिणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुदक्षिण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• बृहत्क्षत्रस्य: of Bṛhatkṣatra
• Type: Noun
• Root: बृहत्क्षत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• दायादः: heir/son/descendant
• दायादः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दायाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सैन्धवः: the Sindhu-king / Saindhava
• सैन्धवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्धव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• जयद्रथः: Jayadratha (proper name)
• जयद्रथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जयद्रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजन्: O king!
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Vindā
• Anuvindā
• Avanti
• Kamboja
• Sudakṣiṇa
• Bṛhatkṣatra
• Saindhava (Sindhu)
• Jayadratha

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse functions as part of the war-roll call: it highlights how rulers and heirs, driven by alliance and inherited obligation, enter a destructive conflict—implying that power and lineage do not shield one from the moral and karmic costs of adharma and war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya is reporting to Dhṛtarāṣṭra the names of notable Kaurava-aligned warriors present on the battlefield, specifically Vindā and Anuvindā of Avanti, Sudakṣiṇa of Kamboja, and Jayadratha of Sindhu (Saindhava), linked to the Bṛhatkṣatra lineage.