Shloka 54
Droṇa–Dhṛṣṭadyumna-yuddha (द्रोण-धृष्टद्युम्न-युद्धम्) — Tactical duel and allied interventions
Devanagari script
विरथावसियुद्धाय समीयतुरमर्षणौ । तयोस्तदभवद् युद्ध घोररूपं सुदारुणम्
Translation
The two heroes, unable to endure their wrath, closed upon each other for battle. They slew one another’s horses, shattered their bows to pieces, and were left without chariots. Then, filled with fierce resentment, they stood face to face to fight with swords. Thus, O Bhārata, between them arose a combat dreadful in form—exceedingly fierce and cruel.
Word by Word
विरथौboth without chariots
विरथौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
असि-युद्धायfor sword-fighting
असि-युद्धाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअसि-युद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
समीयतुःthey came together / approached
समीयतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-इ (धातु)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada
अमर्षणौboth intolerant, furious
अमर्षणौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअमर्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
तयोःof those two
तयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
तत्that (battle)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अभवत्became / happened
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
घोर-रूपम्of dreadful form
घोर-रूपम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर-रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सु-दारुणम्very cruel / extremely fierce
सु-दारुणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-दारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes