Shloka 22
Devanagari script
उस समय कौरवोंपर भयंकर मोह छा गया था। कर्ण और दुर्योधन भी बारंबार लंबी साँसें खींच रहे थे ।। तथा निपतिते भीष्मे कौरवाणां पितामहे । हाहाभूतमभूत् सर्व निर्मर्यादमवर्तत,कौरवपितामह भीष्मके इस प्रकार रथसे गिर जानेपर सर्वत्र हाहाकार मच गया। कहीं कोई मर्यादा नहीं रह गयी
Translation
At that time a dreadful delusion fell upon the Kauravas; Karṇa and Duryodhana too kept drawing long breaths again and again. And when Bhīṣma, the grandsire (Pitāmaha) of the Kurus, thus fell from his chariot, a cry of “Alas! Alas!” rose everywhere—no restraint remained, and all order broke down.
Word by Word
तथाand then/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
निपतितेwhen (he) had fallen
निपतिते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootनि-पत्
Formmasculine, locative, singular, past passive participle (kta), locative absolute
भीष्मेin/when Bhishma
भीष्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
Formmasculine, locative, singular
कौरवाणाम्of the Kauravas
कौरवाणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
पितामहेin/when the grandsire
पितामहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
Formmasculine, locative, singular
हाहाभूतम्become a cry of 'hā hā' / full of lamentation
हाहाभूतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootहाहा-भूत
Formneuter, nominative, singular
अभूत्became/was
अभूत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formimperfect (laṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
सर्वम्everything/entire (scene)
सर्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootसर्व
Formneuter, nominative, singular
निर्मर्यादम्without restraint/without propriety
निर्मर्यादम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मर्याद
Formneuter, nominative, singular
अवर्ततwent on/occurred/prevailed
अवर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
Formimperfect (laṅ), 3rd, singular, ātmanepada
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes