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Shloka 7

Adhyāya 108 — Nimitta-darśana and Drona’s counsel amid Arjuna’s advance (निमित्तदर्शनं द्रोणोपदेशश्च)

स एवमुक्त: समरे पुत्रो द:ःशासनस्तव । परिवार्य स्थितो भीष्म सैन्येन महता वृतः

sa evam uktaḥ samare putro duḥśāsanas tava | parivārya sthito bhīṣmaḥ sainyena mahatā vṛtaḥ | (pālayām āsa mahatā yatnena ca susaṃyataḥ) |

Sañjaya said: When this was said on the battlefield, your son Duḥśāsana stood surrounding Bhīṣma, encircled by a great host. With firm self-control and great effort, he kept watch to protect him.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
उक्तःhaving been spoken to / addressed
उक्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (participial)
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुःशासनःDuhshasana
दुःशासनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःशासन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तवyour
तव:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine/Feminine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
परिवार्यhaving surrounded
परिवार्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + वृत्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active (gerundial), true
स्थितःstood / remained
स्थितः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formक्त (past active participle usage), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
भीष्मम्Bhishma
भीष्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सैन्येनwith (his) army
सैन्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
महताgreat, huge
महता:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृतःsurrounded / enclosed
वृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootवृ (वरणे/आवरणे)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (participial)
पालयामासprotected / guarded
पालयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल्
Formलिट् (periphrastic perfect), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Perfect (narrative past)
महताwith great
महता:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
यत्नेनeffort
यत्नेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयत्न
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुसंयतःwell-restrained, very vigilant
सुसंयतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + संयत
Formक्त (PPP used adjectivally), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhritarashtra
D
Duhshasana
B
Bhishma
K
Kaurava army

Educational Q&A

Even amid adharma-driven conflict, the epic highlights recognizable virtues—discipline, vigilance, and loyalty to one’s commander and elder. Yet it also invites ethical reflection: such virtues can be employed in service of a questionable cause, showing how dharma becomes complex in war.

After being addressed, Duḥśāsana positions himself around Bhīṣma with a large contingent, forming a protective ring. He remains alert and self-controlled, actively guarding Bhīṣma as the battle intensifies.