Adhyaya 10

Verse 1

अपन का बछ। ] अतडडऑफ<ज दशमो< ध्याय: भारतवर्षमें युगोंके अनुसार मनुष्योंकी आयु तथा गुणोंका निरूपण धृतराष्ट्र रवाच भारतस्यास्य वर्षस्य तथा हैमवतस्य च । प्रमाणमायुष: सूत बल॑ चापि शुभाशुभम्‌

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: “O Sūta (Sañjaya), tell me the measure of the lifespan of the people of this Bhārata-varṣa, and of the Himavat region as well—along with their strength, and the auspicious and inauspicious results as they unfold across time.”

Verse 2

अनागतमत्तिक्रान्तं वर्तमानं च संजय । आचक्ष्व मे विस्तरेण हरिवर्ष तथैव च

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: “Sañjaya, describe to me in detail what is yet to come, what has passed, and what is now present; and likewise give a full account of Harivarṣa as well.”

Verse 3

संजय उवाच चत्वारि भारते वर्षे युगानि भरतर्षभ । कृतं त्रेता द्वापरं च तिष्यं च कुरुवर्धन

Sañjaya said: “O bull among the Bhāratas, O increaser of the Kuru line, in Bhārata-varṣa there are four ages: the Kṛta (Satya), the Tretā, the Dvāpara, and the Tiṣya (Kali).”

Verse 4

पूर्व कृतयुगं नाम ततत्त्रेतायुगं प्रभो । संक्षेपाद्‌ द्वापरस्याथ ततस्तिष्य॑ प्रवर्तते,प्रभो! पहले सत्ययुग होता है, फिर त्रेतायुग आता है, उसके बाद द्वापरयुग बीतनेपर कलियुगकी प्रवृत्ति होती है

Sañjaya said: “First comes the age called Kṛta (Satya); then, O lord, follows the Tretā age. After the Dvāpara has run its course, the age of Kali then begins, O lord.”

Verse 5

चत्वारि तु सहस्राणि वर्षाणां कुरुसत्तम | आयु:संख्या कृतयुगे संख्याता राजसत्तम,कुरुश्रेष्ठ! नृपप्रवर! सत्ययुगके लोगोंकी आयुका मान चार हजार वर्ष है

Sañjaya said: “O best of the Kurus, O foremost of kings— in the Kṛta (Satya) Yuga the measured span of human life is reckoned as four thousand years.”

Verse 6

तथा त्रीणि सहस्राणि त्रेतायां मनुजाधिप । दे सहस्रे द्वापरे तु भुवि तिष्ठति साम्प्रतम्‌

Sañjaya said: “So it is declared, O lord of men: in the Tretā age the span of human life is three thousand years; in the Dvāpara age it is two thousand years—this is the age that presently abides upon the earth.”

Verse 7

न प्रमाणस्थितिह॑स्ति तिष्येडस्मिन्‌ भरतर्षभ । गर्भस्थाक्ष प्रियन्ते5त्र तथा जाता प्रियन्ति च

Sañjaya said: “O bull among the Bharatas, in this Tiṣya age there is no fixed measure or certainty of lifespan. Here, even those still in the womb perish, and so too do those newly born meet with death.”

Verse 8

महाबला महासत्त्वा: प्रज्ञागुणसमन्विता: । प्रजायन्ते च जाताश्न शतशोडथ सहस्रश:

Sañjaya said: “In that age, people are born endowed with great strength and noble vitality, enriched with wisdom and virtues; and once born, they beget offspring in hundreds and even in thousands. It is a time marked by abundance of merit, when ascetic wealth and spiritual power are common, and great seers are frequently born.”

Verse 9

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत भीष्मपर्वके अन्तर्गत जम्बूखण्डविनिर्माणपर्वमें भारतकी नदियों और देश आदिके नामका वर्णनविषयक नवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ

Sañjaya said: “O King, in the Kṛta (Satya) Age are born men who are wealthy and pleasing in appearance, and they beget abundant offspring. In that age, too, sages—rich in austerity—are commonly born.”

Verse 10

महोत्साहा महात्मानो धार्मिका: सत्यवादिन: । प्रियदर्शना वपुष्मन्तो महावीर्या धनुर्धरा:

Sañjaya said: “O King, in the Tretā age the kṣatriyas across the whole circle of the earth were of great enterprise and high spirit—righteous in conduct, truthful in speech, pleasing to behold, well-formed in body, mighty in valor, and skilled bearers of the bow.”

Verse 11

वरार्हा युधि जायन्ते क्षत्रिया: शूरसत्तमा: । त्रेतायां क्षत्रिया राजन्‌ सर्वे वै चक्रवर्तिन:

Sañjaya said: “O King, in battle are born the most excellent of heroes—kṣatriyas worthy of boons and honor. And in the Tretā age, O King, the kṣatriyas were all indeed universal sovereigns (cakravartins).”

Verse 12

सर्ववर्णाक्ष जायन्ते सदा चैव च द्वापरे | महोत्साहा वीर्यवन्त: परस्परजयैषिण:,द्वापरमें सभी वर्णोके लोग उत्पन्न होते हैं एवं वे सदा परम उत्साही, पराक्रमी तथा एक-दूसरेको जीतनेके इच्छुक होते हैं

Sañjaya said: “In the Dvāpara age, people of all social orders are born, and they are characteristically ever high-spirited and forceful—full of valor and driven by the desire to outdo and conquer one another.”

Verse 13

तेजसाल्पेन संयुक्ता: क्रोधना: पुरुषा नूप । लुब्धा अनृतकाश्वैव तिष्ये जायन्ति भारत,भरतनन्दन! कलियुगमें जन्म लेनेवाले लोग प्रायः: अल्प-तेजस्वी, क्रोधी, लोभी तथा असत्यवादी होते हैं

Sañjaya said: “O King, in the age of Tiṣya (Kali), men are born with little spiritual and moral radiance; they are quick to anger, driven by greed, and given to falsehood.”

Verse 14

ईर्ष्या मानस्तथा क्रोधो मायासूया तथैव च । तिष्ये भवति भूतानां रागो लोभश्व भारत,भारत! कलियुगके प्राणियोंमें ईर्ष्या, मान, क्रोध, माया, दोषदृष्टि, राग तथा लोभ आदि दोष रहते हैं

Sañjaya said: In the age of Kali, O Bhārata, beings are marked by faults such as envy, pride, anger, deceit, fault-finding, attachment, and greed.

Verse 15

संक्षेपो वर्तते राजन्‌ द्वापरेडस्मिन्‌ नराधिप । गुणोत्तरं हैमवतं हरिवर्ष तत: परम्‌,नरेश्वर! इस द्वापरमें भी गुणोंकी न्यूनता होती है। भारतवर्षकी अपेक्षा हैमवत तथा हरिवर्षमें उत्तरोत्तर अधिक गुण हैं

Sañjaya said: O King, lord of men, in this Dvāpara age there is a general decline—a shortening and diminution of qualities. Compared with Bhārata-varṣa, the Himālayan region (Haimavata) and then Harivarṣa beyond it possess progressively higher excellence.