Shloka 3
Brāhmaṇa-vandana: Criteria for Veneration, Disciplined Speech, and Protective Kingship (अनुशासनपर्व, अध्याय ८)
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच स्पृहयामि द्विजातिभ्यो येषां ब्रह्म परं धनम् । येषां स्वप्रत्यय: स्वर्गस्तप: स्वाध्यायसाधनम्
Translation
Bhīṣma said: “Yudhiṣṭhira, I cherish those brāhmaṇas for whom Brahman—the Veda itself—is the highest wealth; for whom self-knowledge is heaven; and for whom svādhyāya, the study and recitation of the Vedas, is the noblest austerity.”
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
स्पृहयामिI long for / desire
स्पृहयामि:
TypeVerb
Rootस्पृह्
FormPresent, 1st, Singular
द्विजातिभ्यःfor the twice-born (Brahmins etc.)
द्विजातिभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजाति
FormFeminine, Dative, Plural
येषाम्of whom / whose
येषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
ब्रह्मBrahman; (here) the Veda/sacred knowledge
ब्रह्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
परम्supreme
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
धनम्wealth
धनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
येषाम्of whom / whose
येषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
स्वप्रत्ययःself-certainty / self-knowledge / inner conviction
स्वप्रत्ययः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वप्रत्यय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वर्गःheaven
स्वर्गः:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्वाध्यायसाधनम्having Vedic self-study as its means / consisting in self-study
स्वाध्यायसाधनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्यायसाधन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes