Shloka 69
गवां लोकवर्णनं तथा गोप्रदानफलश्रुतिः
Description of the ‘World of Cows’ and the Stated Fruits of Cow-Gift
(विप्रदारे परह्ते विप्रस्वनिचये तथा । परित्रायन्ति शक्तास्तु नमस्तेभ्यो मृतास्तु वा ।।
bhīṣma uvāca |
vipradāre parahṛte viprasvanicaye tathā |
paritrāyanti śaktās tu namas tebhyo mṛtās tu vā ||
na pālayanti cet tasya hantā vaivasvato yamaḥ |
daṇḍayan bhartsayan nityaṃ nirayebhyo na muñcati ||
tathā gavāṃ paritrāṇe pīḍane ca śubhāśubham |
vipragōṣu viśeṣeṇa rakṣiteṣu hateṣu vā ||
Bhishma said: When the wives of Brahmins are violated or carried off, or when the wealth of Brahmins is seized, those who, having the power, protect them—salutations to such protectors; those who do not protect them are as good as dead. Vaivasvata Yama, the son of the Sun, becomes the slayer of such negligent men: he punishes them, rebukes them daily, and never releases them from the hells. Likewise, in the matter of cows, protection and oppression bring auspicious and inauspicious results. In particular, merit arises when Brahmins and cows are protected by one’s efforts, and sin arises when they are slain.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Dharma requires active protection of Brahmins (their persons, families, and property) and of cows when one has the capacity; failure to protect is treated as grave moral negligence that leads to severe post-mortem retribution under Yama, while protection yields merit and harm yields sin.
In Bhishma’s instruction on gifts and the greatness of cow-giving (go-dāna), he broadens the ethical frame: beyond ritual giving, society’s guardians must prevent abduction and plunder involving Brahmins and must protect cows; he warns that Yama punishes those who neglect this duty.