Shloka 30
गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow
Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode
Devanagari script
चतुणमिव वर्णानां धर्मो नान्यस्य विद्यते | वर्णानां धर्महीनेषु संख्या नास्तीह कस्यचित्
Translation
Bhishma said: “In the śāstras, the dharma of the four varṇas alone has been definitively laid down, and not that of any others. Among the mixed groups that are bereft of dharma, there is here no fixed number for anyone of varṇa-based distinctions and subdivisions.”
Word by Word
चतुर्णाम्of the four
चतुर्णाम्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
इवas/like (emphatic particle)
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
वर्णानाम्of the varṇas (social classes)
वर्णानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
धर्मःduty/law
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अन्यस्यof another (of anyone else)
अन्यस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
विद्यतेexists/is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormLat (Present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
वर्णानाम्of the varṇas
वर्णानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
धर्महीनेषुamong those devoid of dharma
धर्महीनेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्महीन
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
संख्याa number/fixed count
संख्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormLat (Present), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
इहhere/in this matter
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
कस्यचित्of anyone (whatsoever)
कस्यचित्:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes