Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 26
गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow
Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode
चाण्डालात् पाण्डुसौपाकस्त्वक्सारव्यवहारवान्
cāṇḍālāt pāṇḍusaupākas tvaksāravyavahāravān | cāṇḍāla-puruṣa-niṣāda-jāti-strī-saṃyogena pāṇḍusaupāka-jātir jāyate | eṣā jātir vaṃśa-daliyā-ādi-nirmāṇena jīvikāṃ karoti | vaidehī-jāti-striyā niṣādena saṃparkāt āhiṇḍakaḥ jāyate, kintu sā eva strī cāṇḍālena saṃparkam āpadyate tadā tasyāḥ saupākaḥ prajāyate | saupākasya jīvikā-vṛttiś cāṇḍālasyaiva tulyā |
Bhīṣma explains a traditional social taxonomy of mixed unions: from a Cāṇḍāla man and a Niṣāda woman arises the group called Pāṇḍu-saupāka, whose livelihood is described as working with bamboo—making baskets and similar wares. If a woman of the Vaideha community associates with a Niṣāda, an Āhiṇḍaka is said to be born; but if that same woman associates with a Cāṇḍāla, a Saupāka is said to arise. The Saupāka’s means of livelihood is stated to be comparable to that of the Cāṇḍāla.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse is part of Bhīṣma’s dharma-instruction that catalogues socially recognized groups (jātis) and assigns them origins and customary occupations. It reflects a normative classificatory framework used in the text’s discussion of social order and livelihood.
There is no battlefield action here; Bhīṣma is delivering didactic instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira in the Anuśāsana Parva, listing the names, supposed parentage, and livelihoods of certain communities as understood by the tradition represented in the passage.