Shloka 3
ब्राह्मणपूजा-राजधर्मः | Royal Duty of Honoring Learned Brahmins
सत्पुरुषोंमें श्रेष्ठ पितामह! परंतु सुना जाता है कि पूर्वकालमें विश्वामित्रजीने इसी शरीरसे ब्राह्मणत्व प्राप्त कर लिया था और आप जो उसे सर्वथा दुर्लभ बता रहे हैं (ये दोनों बातें परस्पर विरुद्ध-सी जान पड़ती हैं) ।।
Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: Satpuruṣeṣu śreṣṭha pitāmaha! śrūyate ca purākāle Viśvāmitro ’nenaiva śarīreṇa brāhmaṇatvaṃ prāptavān iti; bhavatā ca tad atyanta-durlabham ucyate—etad ubhayaṃ paraspara-virodham iva pratibhāti. Vītahavyaś ca nṛpatiḥ śruto me vipratāṃ gataḥ. Tad eva tāvad, Gādeya, śrotum icchāmy ahaṃ vibho.
Yudhiṣṭhira said: “Grandfather, best among the virtuous! Yet it is heard that in ancient times Viśvāmitra attained brahminhood in this very body; while you, on the other hand, describe it as exceedingly hard to obtain—these two claims seem at odds. I have also heard that King Vītahavya, though a Kṣatriya, became a Brahmin. O descendant of Gādhi, mighty one—of that account first, I wish to hear.”
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
Yudhiṣṭhira probes the relationship between birth-based identity and merit-based attainment: if Brahminhood is said to be rare, how do traditions of Viśvāmitra and Vītahavya becoming Brahmins fit? The verse frames a dharmic inquiry into whether spiritual/ethical excellence (tapas, conduct) can transform one’s social-religious status.
In the Anuśāsana discussions, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma and raises an apparent contradiction in what is ‘heard’ in tradition. He cites two famous examples—Viśvāmitra and King Vītahavya—and asks Bhīṣma to narrate first the account of Vītahavya’s transformation.