Shloka 89
Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)
चतुर्विधा भिक्षवस्ते कुटीचकबहूदकौ । हंस: परमहंसश्न यो यः पश्चात् स उत्तम:,संन्यासी चार प्रकारके होते हैं--कुटीचक, बहूदक, हंस और परमहंस। इनमें उत्तरोत्तर श्रेष्ठ है
caturvidhā bhikṣavas te kuṭīcaka-bahūdakau | haṁsaḥ paramahaṁsaś ca yo yaḥ paścāt sa uttamaḥ ||
Śrī Maheśvara said: “There are four kinds of mendicant renouncers: the Kuṭīcaka, the Bahūdaka, the Haṁsa, and the Paramahaṁsa. Among these, each successive order is regarded as superior to the one before it.”
श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse classifies renunciant mendicants into four ascending orders—Kuṭīcaka, Bahūdaka, Haṁsa, and Paramahaṁsa—and states an ethical-spiritual hierarchy: progressively greater detachment and refinement of renunciation is considered progressively superior.
Śrī Maheśvara is instructing his listener(s) within the Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-discourse context, outlining recognized categories of sannyāsa and indicating their relative standing, as part of broader guidance on righteous living and spiritual discipline.