Shloka 4
Daśa-Karmapatha: Restraints of Body, Speech, and Mind (दश कर्मपथ)
Devanagari script
असप्प्रलापं पारुष्यं पैशुन्यमनृतं तथा । चत्वारि वाचा राजेन्द्र न जल्पेन्नानुचिन्तयेत्
Translation
Idle prattle, harsh speech, slander, and falsehood—these four are sins of the tongue. O king, one should neither utter them nor even entertain them in thought.
Word by Word
असत्-प्रलापम्false/idle talk
असत्-प्रलापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअसत् + प्रलाप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पारुष्यम्harshness (in speech)
पारुष्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपारुष्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पैशुन्यम्slander, tale-bearing
पैशुन्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपैशुन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनृतम्untruth, lie
अनृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाand also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
चत्वारिfour
चत्वारि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
वाचाby speech / with the voice
वाचा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
जल्पेत्should speak/utter
जल्पेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootजल्प्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नnor / not
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अनुचिन्तयेत्should think upon/ponder
अनुचिन्तयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + चिन्त्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes