Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 16
Umā’s Inquiry and the Manifestation of the Third Eye (उमा–प्रश्नः तृतीयनेत्रोत्पत्तिः)
(अग्निसंरक्षणपरा गृहशुद्धि च कारये । कुमारान् पालये नित्यं कुमारी परिशिक्षये ।।
agnisaṁrakṣaṇaparā gṛhaśuddhiṁ ca kāraye | kumārān pālaye nityaṁ kumārī pariśikṣaye || ātmapriyāṇi hitvāpi garbhasaṁrakṣaṇe ratā | bālānāṁ varjaye nityaṁ śāpaṁ kopaṁ pratāpanam || avikṣiptāni dhānyāni nānnavikṣepaṇaṁ gṛhe | ratnavat spṛhaye gehe gāvaḥ sayavasodakāḥ || samudgamya ca śuddhāhaṁ bhikṣāṁ dadyāṁ dvijātiṣu || pravāsaṁ yadi me yāti bhartā kāryeṇa kenacit | maṅgalair bahubhir yuktā bhavāmi niyatā tadā ||
Bhishma said: “I was devoted to safeguarding the sacred household fire and to keeping the home purified by regular cleansing. I cared for the children each day and trained the young girls in the duties and conduct of womanhood. Even setting aside foods dear to me, I remained constantly intent on protecting the pregnancy. I had forever renounced cursing the children, venting anger at them, or tormenting them in any way. In my house grain was never scattered, nor was any food carelessly strewn about. I tended the cows in my home—feeding them fodder and giving them water—cherishing their safety as one would a jewel. And, being in a state of purity, I would step forward and give alms to the twice-born. If my husband went away on some errand, then, disciplined and self-restrained, I would remain engaged in many auspicious observances.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse presents an ideal of household ethics: protect the sacred fire and maintain cleanliness, nurture children with patience (without curses or harshness), safeguard pregnancy through self-denial, avoid wasting food, care for cows as precious dependents, and give alms to the twice-born while observing purity and disciplined auspicious conduct—especially during the husband’s absence.
In Bhishma’s discourse on dharma, a woman’s exemplary domestic conduct is described in the first person: she recounts her daily responsibilities—ritual care, household purification, child-rearing, instruction of girls, restraint in speech and anger, careful management of food, attentive care of cows, and charitable giving—then adds that when her husband travels for work she remains self-controlled and engaged in auspicious observances.