Shloka 16
ययाति–शक्रसंवादः
Speech-Ethics and Forbearance in the Celestial Court
शर्मिष्टोवाच न नर्मयुक्ते वचनं हिनस्ति न स्त्रीषु राजन् न विवाहकाले | प्राणात्यये सर्वधनापहारे पज्चानृतान्याहुरपातकानि,शर्मिष्ठाने कहा--राजन्! परिहासयुक्त वचन असत्य हो तो भी वह हानिकारक नहीं होता। अपनी स्त्रियोंके प्रति, विवाहके समय, प्राणसंकटके समय तथा सर्वस्वका अपहरण होते समय यदि कभी विवश होकर असत्य भाषण करना पड़े तो वह दोषकारक नहीं होता। ये पाँच प्रकारके असत्य पापशून्य बताये गये हैं
śarmiṣṭhovāca na narmayukte vacanaṁ hinasti na strīṣu rājan na vivāhakāle | prāṇātyaye sarvadhanāpahāre pañcānṛtāny āhur apātakāni ||
Śarmiṣṭhā said: “O King, a statement made in jest does not cause harm even if it is untrue. Likewise, untruth spoken in relation to one’s women, at the time of marriage, in a life‑threatening crisis, or when one’s entire wealth is being seized—if uttered under compulsion—does not incur sin. These five kinds of untruth, they say, are free from the stain of grave wrongdoing.”
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse outlines a dharma-style exception principle: while truthfulness is generally valued, certain constrained contexts—joking speech, protecting one’s women, marriage arrangements, mortal danger, and total loss of wealth—are treated as situations where untruth may be considered non-sinful (apātaka) when compelled by circumstances.
Śarmiṣṭhā addresses a king and defends the permissibility of speaking untruth in specific situations, framing it as an accepted ethical rule (pañcānṛtāni) rather than a punishable moral fault.