Shloka 49

Āvāhāryaka-Śrāddha: Qualifications of Recipients, Paṅkti-Pāvana, and Exclusions

Devanagari script

बहुनात्र किमुक्तेन विहितान् ये न कुर्वते / निन्दितानाचरन्त्येते वर्जनीयाः प्रयत्नतः

Transliteration

bahunātra kimuktena vihitān ye na kurvate / ninditānācarantyete varjanīyāḥ prayatnataḥ

Translation

What is the use of saying much here? Those who do not perform the duties that are enjoined, and who instead practice what is condemned—such people should be carefully avoided.

Word by Word

• बहुना: with much (speech)
• बहुना: Karana (करण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-एकवचनरूपेण अव्ययवत् (instrumental used adverbially): 'by much (talk)'

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देश-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• किम्: what?
• किम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम

• उक्तेन: by what is said; by speaking
• उक्तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उक्त (प्रातिपदिक; √वच् (धातु) क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि क्त (past passive participle)

• विहितान्: prescribed (acts)
• विहितान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विहित (प्रातिपदिक; √धा (धातु) क्त-प्रत्यय, वि+हि)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; कृदन्त-क्त; विशेष्यः (कर्मपद)

• ये: those who
• ये: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध-सर्वनाम

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• कुर्वते: do (perform)
• कुर्वते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• निन्दितान्: condemned (acts)
• निन्दितान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निन्दित (प्रातिपदिक; √निन्द् (धातु) क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; कृदन्त-क्त; विशेष्यः (कर्मपद)

• आचरन्ति: practice, engage in
• आचरन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ+चर् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• एते: these (people)
• एते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; निर्देश-सर्वनाम

• वर्जनीयाः: to be avoided
• वर्जनीयाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर्जनीय (प्रातिपदिक; √वृज्/वर्ज् त्यागे)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कृदन्तः—अनीयर्/तव्यत्-अर्थकः (gerundive)

• प्रयत्नतः: carefully, with effort
• प्रयत्नतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रयत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पञ्चमी-एकवचनरूपेण अव्ययवत् (ablative used adverbially)

Speaker

Lord Kūrma (Vishnu) instructing on dharma

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Lord Kurma
• Dharma
• Vihita-karma
• Nindita-karma
• Varnashrama

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

Indirectly: it stresses dharmic discipline and right conduct as prerequisites for inner clarity; avoiding condemned actions and bad company supports the purity needed for realizing the Self.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

The verse highlights the ethical foundation of Yoga—avoiding prohibited conduct and adhering to prescribed duties—paralleling yama-niyama and the Kurma Purana’s broader emphasis on disciplined sādhanā.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

By focusing on shared dharma rather than sectarian difference: the Kurma Purana’s synthesis presents right conduct and spiritual discipline as common ground within Shaiva-Vaishnava teaching.