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Shloka 52

Cikitsā-sāra: Doṣa Nidāna–Lakṣaṇa, Agni, Ajīrṇa/Āma Cikitsā, Daśamūla, and Prognostic Signs

Devanagari script

यो गृह्णातीन्द्रियैरर्थान्विपरीतान्स मृत्युभाक् / भिषङ्मित्रगुरुद्वेषी प्रियारातिश्च यो भवेत्

Transliteration

yo gṛhṇātīndriyairarthānviparītānsa mṛtyubhāk / bhiṣaṅmitragurudveṣī priyārātiśca yo bhavet

Translation

He who, through the senses, grasps objects in a perverse and contrary way becomes a sharer in death (hastening his own downfall). And he who hates the physician, friends, and teachers, and is hostile to what is dear and beneficial, likewise meets ruin.

Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-यत् (Masculine, Nominative, Singular; relative pronoun)
गृह्णातिgrasps, takes
गृह्णाति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√ग्रह् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचन (Present, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular)
इन्द्रियैःby the senses
इन्द्रियैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, तृतीया, बहुवचन (Neuter, Instrumental, Plural)
अर्थान्objects, meanings
अर्थान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, बहुवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Plural)
विपरीतान्perverse, contrary
विपरीतान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootविपरीत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (Masculine, Accusative, Plural; adjective)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)
मृत्युभाक्partaker of death, doomed
मृत्युभाक्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत्यु + भाक् (प्रातिपदिक; √भज् धातु-निष्पन्न ‘भाक्’ = भागिन्)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (मृत्योः भाक्) (Masculine, Nominative, Singular; genitive tatpurusha)
भिषक्physician
भिषक्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभिषज्/भिषक् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)
मित्रfriend
मित्र:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासाङ्ग (Neuter, Nominative, Singular; member of compound)
गुरुteacher, elder
गुरु:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासाङ्ग (Masculine, Nominative, Singular; member of compound)
द्वेषीhater (of physician, friend, and teacher)
द्वेषी:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वेषिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचन; द्वन्द्व-समासः (भिषक्+मित्र+गुरु) + ‘द्वेषिन्’ (Masculine, Nominative, Singular; hater of ...)
प्रियbeloved, dear one
प्रिय:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासाङ्ग (Masculine, Nominative, Singular; member of compound)
अरातिःenemy of loved ones
अरातिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअराति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-भावः (प्रियस्य अरातिः) (Masculine, Nominative, Singular; enemy of the dear)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-यत् (Masculine, Nominative, Singular; relative pronoun)
भवेत्should be/is (as a condition)
भवेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचन (Optative, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Misapprehending sense-objects and hating beneficent guides (physician, friend, guru) accelerates downfall and ‘death-share’.

Vedantic Theme: Indriya-vishaya misrelation binds and harms; right discernment (viveka) and honoring upakarins supports sattva and well-being.

Application: Practice sense-discipline and correct perception; cultivate gratitude and receptivity to medical advice, friendship, and instruction.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.168 (arishta and conduct affecting lifespan); Garuda Purana 1.169 (hitahita-viveka framing)

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda
G
Guru
V
Vaidya (physician)

FAQs

The verse warns that distorted engagement with sense-objects leads to self-destruction and shortens life, implying that disciplined perception and conduct protect well-being.

It reinforces dharma through right relationships—respecting physicians, friends, and gurus—and by rejecting harmful attitudes that lead to decline.

Cultivate healthy sense habits, seek good counsel, and maintain respect for mentors and healthcare providers; avoid hostility toward those who support your welfare.

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