Shloka 2

Roganidāna: Definitions, Fivefold Diagnostic Method, and Doṣa-wise Causes

Devanagari script

रोगः पाप्मा ज्वरो व्याधिर्विकारो दुष्ट आमयः / यक्ष्मातङ्कगदा बाधाः शब्दाः पर्यायवाचिनः

Transliteration

rogaḥ pāpmā jvaro vyādhirvikāro duṣṭa āmayaḥ / yakṣmātaṅkagadā bādhāḥ śabdāḥ paryāyavācinaḥ

Translation

“Disease” is also called pāpmā (a corrupting affliction), jvara (fever), vyādhi (illness), vikāra (disorder), duṣṭa āmaya (malignant ailment), yakṣmā (consumption), aṅka (distress), gadā (sickness), and bādhā (obstruction or torment)—these are used as synonyms.

Word by Word

• rogaḥ: disease
• rogaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: roga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• pāpmā: illness; affliction (lit. evil)
• pāpmā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpmā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• jvaraḥ: fever
• jvaraḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• vyādhiḥ: disease
• vyādhiḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyādhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• vikāraḥ: disorder; alteration
• vikāraḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vikāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• duṣṭaḥ: vitiated; corrupted
• duṣṭaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (आमयस्य)

• āmayaḥ: disease
• āmayaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āmaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• yakṣmā: consumption; wasting disease
• yakṣmā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yakṣman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• taṅkaḥ: painful ailment (taṅka)
• taṅkaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: taṅka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• gadāḥ: diseases
• gadāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gadā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• bādhāḥ: afflictions; troubles
• bādhāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bādhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• śabdāḥ: words
• śabdāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śabda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• paryāya-vācinaḥ: synonymous (having the same meaning)
• paryāya-vācinaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: paryāya (प्रातिपदिक) + vācin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (शब्दानाम्) — ‘पर्यायं वदन्ति’

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in discourse to Garuḍa/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Multiple synonyms point to facets of one phenomenon; accurate language reduces confusion in understanding suffering.

Vedantic Theme: Nāma–rūpa discernment: names vary while the referent is one; clarity in designation supports right knowledge.

Application: When discussing health, define terms and map synonyms to avoid miscommunication between practitioner and patient.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Ayurvedic chapters: lists of roga-bheda, doṣa, nidāna terminology

FAQs

What is the importance of listing disease-synonyms in the Garuda Purana?

This verse standardizes key Sanskrit terms for illness—useful for interpreting later passages on causes, remedies, and dharmic responses to suffering.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not directly describe the soul’s post-death journey; it functions as a definitional verse clarifying vocabulary about afflictions that may be discussed in ethical or ritual contexts.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When reading or citing the Garuda Purana, treat roga/jvara/vyādhi/vikāra/āmaya etc. as overlapping terms for illness, helping avoid mistranslation and improving clarity in study or teaching.