Shloka 53
प्रत्याहारवर्णनम्
Pratyāhāra—Cosmic Withdrawal / Dissolution Sequence
Devanagari script
इत्येषा तामसी वृत्तिर्भूतादीनां चतुर्विधा / सत्त्वस्थमात्रकं चित्तं यथासत्त्वं प्रदर्शनात्
Transliteration
ityeṣā tāmasī vṛttirbhūtādīnāṃ caturvidhā / sattvasthamātrakaṃ cittaṃ yathāsattvaṃ pradarśanāt
Translation
Thus is declared the fourfold tamasic tendency of beings and the rest. The mind established in sattva manifests according to the measure of sattva.
Word by Word
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), quotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)
eṣāthis (she/this one)
eṣā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
tāmasītamasic, of darkness
tāmasī:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottāmasī (प्रातिपदिक) < tamas (तमस्)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying वृत्तिः
vṛttiḥmode, activity, function
vṛttiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
bhūta-ādīnāmof the beings and the rest (elements etc.)
bhūta-ādīnām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūta (भूत) + ādi (आदि) (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter collective sense; Genitive (षष्ठी) Plural (बहुवचन); tatpuruṣa: भूताः आदयः यस्य/येषाम्
caturvidhāfourfold
caturvidhā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcatur (चतुर्) + vidhā (विधा) (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); dvigu numeral compound qualifying वृत्तिः
sattva-stha-mātrakamconsisting merely of being established in sattva
sattva-stha-mātrakam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsattva (सत्त्व) + stha (स्थ) + mātraka (मात्रक) (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: सत्त्वे स्थितं मात्रकं (only/merely situated in sattva) qualifying चित्तम्
cittammind, consciousness
cittam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootcitta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
yathā-sattvamaccording to (one’s) sattva
yathā-sattvam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (यथा, अव्यय) + sattva (सत्त्व) (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyayībhāva (अव्ययीभाव) used adverbially; indeclinable sense: 'according to sattva/as per the quality'
pradarśanātfrom/through demonstration
pradarśanāt:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootpra + dṛś (दृश्) (धातु) → pradarśana (प्रदर्शन, प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (पञ्चमी) Singular (एकवचन); 'from/through showing' (cause/source)