Shloka 49
प्रत्याहारवर्णनम्
Pratyāhāra—Cosmic Withdrawal / Dissolution Sequence
Devanagari script
अज्ञानपूर्वकं तस्मादज्ञानं तु विवर्जयेत् / यस्य चार्षे न प्रमाणं शिष्टाचारं तथैव च
Transliteration
ajñānapūrvakaṃ tasmādajñānaṃ tu vivarjayet / yasya cārṣe na pramāṇaṃ śiṣṭācāraṃ tathaiva ca
Translation
Therefore one should cast off ignorance that is born of ignorance—what has no authority of the ṛṣis and likewise no accord with the conduct of the righteous (śiṣṭācāra).
Word by Word
ajñāna-pūrvakampreceded by ignorance
ajñāna-pūrvakam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/adverbial qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootajñāna (प्रातिपदिक) + pūrvaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/1 or द्वितीया/2), Singular; adverbial adjective ‘preceded by ignorance’
tasmāttherefore, from that
tasmāt:
Apādāna (अपादान/source)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative (पञ्चमी/5), Singular; pronoun
ajñānamignorance
ajñānam:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootajñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular
tubut, indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adversative/emphatic particle (तु)
vivarjayetshould avoid
vivarjayet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√vṛj (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular; ‘should avoid’
yasyawhose, for whom
yasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relative)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular; relative pronoun ‘whose/for whom’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)
ārṣein the seers’ (scriptural) tradition
ārṣe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootārṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular; ‘in the ṛṣi-tradition/ṛṣi-text’
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; negation particle (निषेध)
pramāṇamvalid authority, proof
pramāṇam:
Pradhāna (प्रधान/predicate complement)
TypeNoun
Rootpramāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; predicate nominative
śiṣṭa-ācāramconduct of the learned/virtuous
śiṣṭa-ācāram:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootśiṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक) + ācāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; object of implied ‘follow/accept’
tathāthus, likewise
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb (तथा)
evaindeed, just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphatic particle (एव)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)