Brahma Purana — The Threefold Suffering and the Path to Ultimate Dissolution, Shloka 9

Devanagari script

गर्भजन्मजराज्ञानमृत्युनारकजं तथा दुःखं सहस्रशो भेदैर् भिद्यते मुनिसत्तमाः //

Translation

This is the sacred verse numbered 9 in the Brahma Purana (Adi Purana), transmitted through tradition to illumine the Dharma.

Word by Word

• garbha: from the womb/pregnancy
• garbha: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: garbha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5th), Singular — compound-member (source)

• janma: from birth
• janma: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: janman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative (5th), Singular — compound-member

• jarā: from old age
• jarā: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jarā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Ablative (5th), Singular — compound-member

• ajñāna: from ignorance
• ajñāna: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ajñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative (5th), Singular — compound-member

• mṛtyu: from death
• mṛtyu: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛtyu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5th), Singular — compound-member

• nāraka: from hell (naraka)
• nāraka: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāraka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative (5th), Singular — compound-member

• jam: arising from
• jam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jan (धातु) + a (प्रत्यय) → ja (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Kṛdanta adjective 'born from'; Neuter, Nominative (1st), Singular — agreeing with duḥkham (understood as 'such (duḥkham)')

• tathā: and likewise
• tathā: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable particle/adverb

• duḥkham: suffering
• duḥkham: Karma (कर्म) / Kriyā-viṣaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st), Singular

• sahasraśaḥ: in thousands; manifold
• sahasraśaḥ: Avyaya (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasraśas (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) meaning 'a thousandfold/many times'

• bhedaiḥ: by distinctions/types
• bhedaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bheda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Plural

• bhidyate: is divided
• bhidyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhid (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person, Singular, Ātmanepada; Passive/intransitive sense 'is divided'

• munisattamāḥ: O best sages
• munisattamāḥ: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni (प्रातिपदिक) + sattama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th), Plural; 'O best of sages'

Speaker

• Vyāsa (implied), addressing munisattamāḥ (excellent sages).