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Shloka 4

Uddhava Recalls Kṛṣṇa’s Mission: Earth’s Burden, Royal Dharma, and the Prelude to Dvārakā’s Withdrawal

ककुद्मिनोऽविद्धनसो दमित्वा स्वयंवरे नाग्नजितीमुवाह । तद्भग्नमानानपि गृध्यतोऽज्ञा- ञ्जघ्नेऽक्षत: शस्त्रभृत: स्वशस्त्रै: ॥ ४ ॥

kakudmino ’viddha-naso damitvā svayaṁvare nāgnajitīm uvāha tad-bhagnamānān api gṛdhyato ’jñāñ jaghne ’kṣataḥ śastra-bhṛtaḥ sva-śastraiḥ

By subduing seven bulls whose noses were unpierced, the Lord won Princess Nāgnijitī in the public svayaṁvara. Though defeated, the rival suitors still coveted her and a battle arose; then the Lord, wielding His own weapons, slew or wounded them all, while He Himself remained untouched.

kakudminaḥof Kakudmī (Raivata)
kakudminaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootkakudmin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
aviddha-nasaḥwhose nose was unpierced
aviddha-nasaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roota- (नञ्) + viddha (कृदन्त; √vyadh) + nasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि; 'अविद्धं नास्य यस्य सः' इति। पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन (kakudminaḥ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
damitvāhaving subdued
damitvā:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Root√dam (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive), अव्ययभाव
svayaṁvarein the svayaṃvara
svayaṁvare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsvayaṁvara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
nāgnajitīmNāgnajitī
nāgnajitīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnāgnajitī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
uvāhamarried
uvāha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvah (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपद; अर्थे—विवाहं कृतवान्
tad-bhagnamānānthose being repelled/defeated by him
tad-bhagnamānān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम) + bhagnamāna (कृदन्त; √bhaj/√bhañj)
Formतत्पुरुष; 'तेन भग्नमानान्' इति। शानच्/मान (present middle participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन
apieven
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधान/समुच्चयार्थक (also/even)
gṛdhyataḥof those who were greedy
gṛdhyataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Root√gṛdh (धातु) → gṛdhyat (कृदन्त)
Formशतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; 'लोलुपानाम्'
ajñānfools/ignorant men
ajñān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootajña (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन
jaghneslew
jaghne:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√han (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद
akṣataḥunharmed
akṣataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roota- (नञ्) + kṣata (कृदन्त; √kṣan/√kṣad)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; 'अक्षतः' = uninjured
śastra-bhṛtaḥweapon-bearers
śastra-bhṛtaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśastra (प्रातिपदिक) + bhṛt (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √bhṛ)
Formउपपद-तत्पुरुष; 'शस्त्रं बिभ्रति' इति। पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन
sva-śastraiḥwith his own weapons
sva-śastraiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक) + śastra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष; 'स्वानि शस्त्राणि' इति। नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
N
Nāgnajitī (Satya)

FAQs

This verse describes how Krishna won Nāgnajitī in her svayaṁvara by subduing the proud contenders and then protected the dharmic outcome when greedy, ignorant attackers tried to fight.

Their pride was already broken, but greed and ignorance still drove them to violence; the verse highlights how uncontrolled desire persists without true humility.

Don’t let wounded ego turn into hostility—accept defeat or correction gracefully, restrain greed, and protect what is right through disciplined action rather than impulsive reaction.