Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 1
Jaḍa Bharata’s Birth, Feigned Madness, and Protection by Goddess Kālī
श्रीशुक उवाच अथ कस्यचिद् द्विजवरस्याङ्गिर:प्रवरस्य शमदमतप:स्वाध्यायाध्ययनत्यागसन्तोषतितिक्षाप्रश्रयविद्यानसूयात्मज्ञानानन्दयुक्तस्यात्मसदृशश्रुतशीलाचाररूपौदार्यगुणा नव सोदर्या अङ्गजा बभूवुर्मिथुनं च यवीयस्यां भार्यायाम् ॥ १ ॥ यस्तु तत्र पुमांस्तं परमभागवतं राजर्षिप्रवरं भरतमुत्सृष्टमृगशरीरं चरमशरीरेण विप्रत्वं गतमाहु: ॥ २ ॥
śrī-śuka uvāca atha kasyacid dvija-varasyāṅgiraḥ-pravarasya śama-dama-tapaḥ-svādhyāyādhyayana-tyāga-santoṣa-titikṣā-praśraya-vidyānasūyātma-jñānānanda-yuktasyātma-sadṛśa-śruta-śīlācāra-rūpaudārya-guṇā nava sodaryā aṅgajā babhūvur mithunaṁ ca yavīyasyāṁ bhāryāyām yas tu tatra pumāṁs taṁ parama-bhāgavataṁ rājarṣi-pravaraṁ bharatam utsṛṣṭa-mṛga-śarīraṁ carama-śarīreṇa vipratvaṁ gatam āhuḥ.
Śrīla Śukadeva Gosvāmī continued: After giving up the body of a deer, Bharata Mahārāja, the foremost bhāgavata, was born in a very pure brāhmaṇa family. A brāhmaṇa of the Aṅgirā line, endowed with brahminical virtues—control of mind and senses, austerity, svādhyāya and Vedic study, charity, contentment, tolerance, gentleness, learning, freedom from envy, self-realization, and inner bliss—was always absorbed in the Lord’s devotional service. By his first wife he had nine equally qualified sons, and by his second wife he begot twins—a son and a daughter. That son is said to have been the supreme devotee and foremost of saintly kings: Bharata, who, after abandoning the deer’s body, attained brāhmaṇa birth in his final body.
Bharata Mahārāja was a great devotee, but he did not attain success in one life. In Bhagavad-gītā it is said that a devotee who does not fulfill his devotional duties in one life is given the chance to be born in a fully qualified brāhmaṇa family or a rich kṣatriya or vaiśya family. Śucīnāṁ śrīmatāṁ gehe ( Bg. 6.41 ). Bharata Mahārāja was the firstborn son of Mahārāja Ṛṣabha in a rich kṣatriya family, but due to his willful negligence of his spiritual duties and his excessive attachment to an insignificant deer, he was obliged to take birth as the son of a deer. However, due to his strong position as a devotee, he was gifted with the remembrance of his past life. Being repentant, he remained in a solitary forest and always thought of Kṛṣṇa. Then he was given the chance to take birth in a very good brāhmaṇa family.
FAQs
This verse highlights śama (peace), dama (sense-control), tapaḥ (austerity), svādhyāya (scriptural study), tyāga (renunciation), santoṣa (contentment), titikṣā (tolerance), humility, learning, non-enviousness, and the joy of self-knowledge.
He establishes the spiritually refined family setting that produced extraordinary sons—setting the stage for the appearance of the great devotee Bharata/Jaḍa Bharata and the lesson of devotion beyond social appearance.
By cultivating daily discipline (study and restraint), adopting contentment and tolerance in relationships, practicing humility, and aiming for inner realization rather than external status.