Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 8

The Orbit of the Sun, the Measure of Day and Night, and the Sun-God’s Chariot

तत्रत्यानां दिवसमध्यङ्गत एव सदाऽऽदित्यस्तपति सव्येनाचलं दक्षिणेन करोति ॥ ८ ॥ यत्रोदेति तस्य ह समानसूत्रनिपाते निम्‍लोचति यत्र क्‍वचन स्यन्देनाभितपति तस्य हैष समानसूत्रनिपाते प्रस्वापयति तत्र गतं न पश्यन्ति ये तं समनुपश्येरन् ॥ ९ ॥

tatratyānāṁ divasa-madhyaṅgata eva sadādityas tapati savyenācalaṁ dakṣiṇena karoti; yatrodeti tasya ha samāna-sūtra-nipāte nimlocati yatra kvacana syandenābhitapati tasya haiṣa samāna-sūtra-nipāte prasvāpayati tatra gataṁ na paśyanti ye taṁ samanupaśyeran.

The beings who dwell on Mount Sumeru are always heated as if at midday, for the sun ever stands above their heads. Though the sun moves counterclockwise facing the constellations, keeping Sumeru on its left, by the influence of the dakṣiṇāvarta wind it also appears to move clockwise, as if the mountain were on its right. Where the sun is seen to rise, in the land diametrically opposite it is seen to set; and opposite the point of midday is midnight. Likewise, those at the place of sunset, if they go to the opposite region, do not behold the sun in that same condition.

तत्रत्यानाम्of those living there
तत्रत्यानाम्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootतत्रत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीह्यर्थ-विशेषणवत्; पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी बहुवचन (Genitive plural)
दिवस-मध्यङ्गतेwhen (it is) at midday
दिवस-मध्यङ्गते:
अधिकरण (in the middle of the day)
TypeAdjective
Rootदिवस + मध्य + गत (धातु: गम्)
Formतत्पुरुष; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle) 'गत'; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (Locative singular)
एवindeed/just
एव:
सम्बन्ध (emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (emphatic particle)
सदाalways
सदा:
काल (time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb of time)
आदित्यःthe Sun
आदित्यः:
कर्ता (subject)
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative singular)
तपतिshines/heats
तपति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootतप् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन
सव्येनwith the left (side)
सव्येन:
करण (by/with the left)
TypeNoun
Rootसव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (Instrumental singular); adverbial instrument
अचलम्the mountain
अचलम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअचल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
दक्षिणेनwith the right (side)
दक्षिणेन:
करण (by/with the right)
TypeNoun
Rootदक्षिण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (Instrumental singular)
करोतिmakes/does
करोति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
अधिकरण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (relative adverb of place)
उदेतिrises
उदेति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + इ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन
तस्यof that (place/region)
तस्य:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन (Genitive singular)
indeed
:
सम्बन्ध (discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle)
समान-सूत्र-निपातेat the same meridian/line of longitude
समान-सूत्र-निपाते:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootसमान + सूत्र + निपात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष; पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (Locative singular)
निम्लोचतिsets/disappears
निम्लोचति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootनि + म्लुच् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
अधिकरण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (relative adverb)
क्वचनsomewhere
क्वचन:
अधिकरण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्वचन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indefinite adverb: somewhere)
स्यन्देनby (its) rays/streaming light
स्यन्देन:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootस्यन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (Instrumental singular)
अभितपतिheats all around
अभितपति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + तप् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन
तस्यof that (place)
तस्य:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी एकवचन (Genitive singular)
indeed
:
सम्बन्ध
TypeIndeclinable
Rootह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle)
एषःthis (Sun)
एषः:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative singular)
समान-सूत्र-निपातेat the same meridian
समान-सूत्र-निपाते:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootसमान + सूत्र + निपात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष; सप्तमी एकवचन
प्रस्वापयतिcauses (them) to sleep
प्रस्वापयति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + स्वप् (धातु) (णिच् causative)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative)
तत्रthere
तत्र:
अधिकरण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb of place)
गतम्gone (there)
गतम्:
कर्म (object of paśyanti)
TypeAdjective
Rootगत (धातु: गम्)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
not
:
सम्बन्ध (negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
पश्यन्तिthey see
पश्यन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन
येthose who
ये:
कर्ता (of paśyanti)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (Nominative plural)
तम्him/that (Sun)
तम्:
कर्म (object of samanupaśyeran)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
समनुपश्येरन्might observe
समनुपश्येरन्:
क्रिया (relative/conditional)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + अनु + दृश् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, तृतीयपुरुष बहुवचन
Ā
Āditya (Sūrya)

FAQs

This verse explains that, for certain regions, the Sun appears perpetually at midday due to relative position—showing Bhagavatam’s cosmological explanation of varying day-phases.

In Canto 5, Śukadeva teaches Parīkṣit Mahārāja the structure and functioning of the universe, including how the Sun’s course relates to time (day, night, noon) for different inhabitants.

It encourages humility and broader vision—what seems ‘fixed’ from one viewpoint can differ elsewhere—supporting patience, perspective, and faith in the Lord’s ordered creation.