Shloka 19

Devanagari script

निशम्य तद् वचस्तस्य भगवान् प्रपितामह: । होतुर्व्यतिक्रमं ज्ञात्वा बभाषे रविनन्दनम् ॥ १९ ॥

Transliteration

niśamya tad vacas tasya bhagavān prapitāmahaḥ hotur vyatikramaṁ jñātvā babhāṣe ravi-nandanam

Translation

Hearing Manu’s words, the mighty forefather Vasiṣṭha understood the priest’s deviation; thus he spoke to the son of the sun-god.

Synonyms

• niśamya: having heard
• niśamya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: niśamya (कृदन्त; √śam/√śam? actually √śam/√śru?; ni-√śam ‘to hear/notice’)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), avyayībhāva usage (अव्ययीभाववत्), ‘having heard’

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vacaḥ: speech / words
• vacaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vacas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhagavān: the Lord
• bhagavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• prapitāmahaḥ: the great-grandfather (Brahmā)
• prapitāmahaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prapitāmaha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to bhagavān

• hotuḥ: of the priest (hotṛ)
• hotuḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hotṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• vyatikramam: transgression / deviation
• vyatikramam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyatikrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• jñātvā: having understood
• jñātvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: jñātvā (कृदन्त; √jñā अवबोधने)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), ‘having known’

• babhāṣe: spoke
• babhāṣe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhāṣ (धातु; भाषणे)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्/liṭ), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• ravi-nandanam: to the son of the Sun (Ikṣvāku)
• ravi-nandanam: Sampradāna/Āmantraṇa (सम्प्रदान/आमन्त्रण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ravi (प्रातिपदिक) + nandana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: ‘son of Ravi (Sun)’; Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

Characters & Entities

• Lord Brahmā
• Ravinandana (a Sūryavaṁśa descendant)
• Hotā (the priest)

FAQs

What does the Srimad Bhagavatam say about mistakes in Vedic rituals (yajña)?

This verse shows that a deviation by the officiating priest is a serious matter; Lord Brahmā recognizes the transgression and intervenes, indicating that ritual actions have moral and karmic weight and require correction.

Why did Lord Brahmā speak to the descendant of the sun-god in Bhagavatam 9.1.19?

After hearing the situation and understanding the priest’s transgression, Brahmā addresses the Sūryavaṁśa king to rectify what went wrong and to guide the next course of action within dharma.

What is the practical lesson of Bhagavatam 9.1.19 for modern life?

When an error is recognized—especially by someone entrusted with responsibility—it should be acknowledged and corrected rather than ignored; accountability and timely guidance restore harmony and right conduct.