
Karmic Aspirations, Demigod Worship, and the Supreme Duty of Bhakti (Hari-kathā as Life’s True Gain)
Śukadeva assures Parīkṣit that the essential guidance for one standing at death’s door has been answered, then surveys desire-driven Vedic worship: different devatās are approached for specific results—power, progeny, wealth, fame, beauty, longevity, kingdom, and ascent to heaven—revealing kāma and its many ritual channels. The chapter then turns to the spiritual conclusion: for true advancement one should worship Viṣṇu (or His devotee), and the broad-minded—whether full of desires, desireless, or seeking mokṣa—should worship the Supreme Personality of Godhead alone. The highest perfection, steady attraction to Bhagavān, arises especially through association with the pure devotee, and real knowledge of Hari is that which stills the waves of the guṇas. Returning to the Naimiṣāraṇya dialogue, Śaunaka urges Sūta to continue, praising hari-kathā as the best use of dwindling life and condemning a life without hearing and chanting as spiritually dead. Thus the chapter moves from ritual taxonomy to exclusive bhakti, preparing for deeper inquiry into the Lord and remembrance of Him.
Verse 1
श्री शुक उवाच एवमेतन्निगदितं पृष्टवान् यद्भवान् मम । नृणां यन्म्रियमाणानां मनुष्येषु मनीषिणाम् ॥ १ ॥
Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: O Mahārāja Parīkṣit, just as you asked me about the duty of an intelligent person standing at the threshold of death, I have answered you accordingly.
Verse 2
ब्रह्मवर्चसकामस्तु यजेत ब्रह्मण: पतिम् । इन्द्रमिन्द्रियकामस्तु प्रजाकाम: प्रजापतीन् ॥ २ ॥ देवीं मायां तु श्रीकामस्तेजस्कामो विभावसुम् । वसुकामो वसून रुद्रान् वीर्यकामोऽथ वीर्यवान् ॥ ३ ॥ अन्नाद्यकामस्त्वदितिं स्वर्गकामोऽदिते:सुतान् । विश्वान्देवान् राज्यकाम: साध्यान्संसाधको विशाम् ॥ ४ ॥ आयुष्कामोऽश्विनौ देवौ पुष्टिकाम इलां यजेत् । प्रतिष्ठाकाम: पुरुषो रोदसी लोकमातरौ ॥ ५ ॥ रूपाभिकामो गन्धर्वान् स्त्रीकामोऽप्सर उर्वशीम् । आधिपत्यकाम: सर्वेषां यजेत परमेष्ठिनम् ॥ ६ ॥ यज्ञं यजेद् यशस्काम: कोशकाम: प्रचेतसम् । विद्याकामस्तु गिरिशं दाम्पत्यार्थ उमां सतीम् ॥ ७ ॥
One who desires to be absorbed in the impersonal brahmajyoti effulgence should worship the master of the Vedas [Lord Brahmā or Bṛhaspati], one who desires powerful sex should worship the heavenly King, Indra, and one who desires good progeny should worship the great progenitors called the Prajāpatis.
Verse 3
ब्रह्मवर्चसकामस्तु यजेत ब्रह्मण: पतिम् । इन्द्रमिन्द्रियकामस्तु प्रजाकाम: प्रजापतीन् ॥ २ ॥ देवीं मायां तु श्रीकामस्तेजस्कामो विभावसुम् । वसुकामो वसून रुद्रान् वीर्यकामोऽथ वीर्यवान् ॥ ३ ॥ अन्नाद्यकामस्त्वदितिं स्वर्गकामोऽदिते:सुतान् । विश्वान्देवान् राज्यकाम: साध्यान्संसाधको विशाम् ॥ ४ ॥ आयुष्कामोऽश्विनौ देवौ पुष्टिकाम इलां यजेत् । प्रतिष्ठाकाम: पुरुषो रोदसी लोकमातरौ ॥ ५ ॥ रूपाभिकामो गन्धर्वान् स्त्रीकामोऽप्सर उर्वशीम् । आधिपत्यकाम: सर्वेषां यजेत परमेष्ठिनम् ॥ ६ ॥ यज्ञं यजेद् यशस्काम: कोशकाम: प्रचेतसम् । विद्याकामस्तु गिरिशं दाम्पत्यार्थ उमां सतीम् ॥ ७ ॥
One who desires good fortune should worship Durgādevī, the superintendent of the material world. One desiring to be very powerful should worship fire, and one who aspires only after money should worship the Vasus. One should worship the Rudra incarnations of Lord Śiva if he wants to be a great hero.
Verse 4
ब्रह्मवर्चसकामस्तु यजेत ब्रह्मण: पतिम् । इन्द्रमिन्द्रियकामस्तु प्रजाकाम: प्रजापतीन् ॥ २ ॥ देवीं मायां तु श्रीकामस्तेजस्कामो विभावसुम् । वसुकामो वसून रुद्रान् वीर्यकामोऽथ वीर्यवान् ॥ ३ ॥ अन्नाद्यकामस्त्वदितिं स्वर्गकामोऽदिते:सुतान् । विश्वान्देवान् राज्यकाम: साध्यान्संसाधको विशाम् ॥ ४ ॥ आयुष्कामोऽश्विनौ देवौ पुष्टिकाम इलां यजेत् । प्रतिष्ठाकाम: पुरुषो रोदसी लोकमातरौ ॥ ५ ॥ रूपाभिकामो गन्धर्वान् स्त्रीकामोऽप्सर उर्वशीम् । आधिपत्यकाम: सर्वेषां यजेत परमेष्ठिनम् ॥ ६ ॥ यज्ञं यजेद् यशस्काम: कोशकाम: प्रचेतसम् । विद्याकामस्तु गिरिशं दाम्पत्यार्थ उमां सतीम् ॥ ७ ॥
One who wants a large stock of grains should worship Aditi. One who desires to attain the heavenly planets should worship the sons of Aditi. One who desires a worldly kingdom should worship Viśvadeva, and one who wants to be popular with the general mass of population should worship the Sādhya demigod.
Verse 5
ब्रह्मवर्चसकामस्तु यजेत ब्रह्मण: पतिम् । इन्द्रमिन्द्रियकामस्तु प्रजाकाम: प्रजापतीन् ॥ २ ॥ देवीं मायां तु श्रीकामस्तेजस्कामो विभावसुम् । वसुकामो वसून रुद्रान् वीर्यकामोऽथ वीर्यवान् ॥ ३ ॥ अन्नाद्यकामस्त्वदितिं स्वर्गकामोऽदिते:सुतान् । विश्वान्देवान् राज्यकाम: साध्यान्संसाधको विशाम् ॥ ४ ॥ आयुष्कामोऽश्विनौ देवौ पुष्टिकाम इलां यजेत् । प्रतिष्ठाकाम: पुरुषो रोदसी लोकमातरौ ॥ ५ ॥ रूपाभिकामो गन्धर्वान् स्त्रीकामोऽप्सर उर्वशीम् । आधिपत्यकाम: सर्वेषां यजेत परमेष्ठिनम् ॥ ६ ॥ यज्ञं यजेद् यशस्काम: कोशकाम: प्रचेतसम् । विद्याकामस्तु गिरिशं दाम्पत्यार्थ उमां सतीम् ॥ ७ ॥
One who desires a long span of life should worship the demigods known as the Aśvinī-kumāras, and a person desiring a strongly built body should worship the earth. One who desires stability in his post should worship the horizon and the earth combined.
Verse 6
ब्रह्मवर्चसकामस्तु यजेत ब्रह्मण: पतिम् । इन्द्रमिन्द्रियकामस्तु प्रजाकाम: प्रजापतीन् ॥ २ ॥ देवीं मायां तु श्रीकामस्तेजस्कामो विभावसुम् । वसुकामो वसून रुद्रान् वीर्यकामोऽथ वीर्यवान् ॥ ३ ॥ अन्नाद्यकामस्त्वदितिं स्वर्गकामोऽदिते:सुतान् । विश्वान्देवान् राज्यकाम: साध्यान्संसाधको विशाम् ॥ ४ ॥ आयुष्कामोऽश्विनौ देवौ पुष्टिकाम इलां यजेत् । प्रतिष्ठाकाम: पुरुषो रोदसी लोकमातरौ ॥ ५ ॥ रूपाभिकामो गन्धर्वान् स्त्रीकामोऽप्सर उर्वशीम् । आधिपत्यकाम: सर्वेषां यजेत परमेष्ठिनम् ॥ ६ ॥ यज्ञं यजेद् यशस्काम: कोशकाम: प्रचेतसम् । विद्याकामस्तु गिरिशं दाम्पत्यार्थ उमां सतीम् ॥ ७ ॥
One who desires to be beautiful should worship the beautiful residents of the Gandharva planet, and one who desires a good wife should worship the Apsarās and the Urvaśī society girls of the heavenly kingdom. One who desires domination over others should worship Lord Brahmā, the head of the universe.
Verse 7
ब्रह्मवर्चसकामस्तु यजेत ब्रह्मण: पतिम् । इन्द्रमिन्द्रियकामस्तु प्रजाकाम: प्रजापतीन् ॥ २ ॥ देवीं मायां तु श्रीकामस्तेजस्कामो विभावसुम् । वसुकामो वसून रुद्रान् वीर्यकामोऽथ वीर्यवान् ॥ ३ ॥ अन्नाद्यकामस्त्वदितिं स्वर्गकामोऽदिते:सुतान् । विश्वान्देवान् राज्यकाम: साध्यान्संसाधको विशाम् ॥ ४ ॥ आयुष्कामोऽश्विनौ देवौ पुष्टिकाम इलां यजेत् । प्रतिष्ठाकाम: पुरुषो रोदसी लोकमातरौ ॥ ५ ॥ रूपाभिकामो गन्धर्वान् स्त्रीकामोऽप्सर उर्वशीम् । आधिपत्यकाम: सर्वेषां यजेत परमेष्ठिनम् ॥ ६ ॥ यज्ञं यजेद् यशस्काम: कोशकाम: प्रचेतसम् । विद्याकामस्तु गिरिशं दाम्पत्यार्थ उमां सतीम् ॥ ७ ॥
One who longs for brahma-splendor should worship the lord of the Vedas; one who seeks sensual power should worship Indra; and one who desires progeny should worship the Prajāpatis. One who seeks fortune should worship Devī Māyā (Durgā); one who seeks brilliance should worship Agni; one who seeks wealth should worship the Vasus; and one who seeks heroic valor should worship the Rudras. One who seeks abundance of grain should worship Aditi; one who seeks heaven should worship Aditi’s sons; one who seeks a kingdom should worship the Viśvadevas; and one who seeks the people’s favor should worship the Sādhyas. One who seeks long life should worship the Aśvinī-kumāras; one who seeks a strong body should worship the Earth; and one who seeks firm position should worship Heaven and Earth together. One who seeks beauty should worship the Gandharvas; one who seeks a worthy wife should worship the apsarā Urvaśī; and one who seeks dominion should worship Brahmā, the Parameṣṭhī. One who seeks fame should perform sacrifice unto Bhagavān; one who seeks a full treasury should worship Pracetas (Varuṇa); one who seeks learning should worship Girīśa Śiva; and for blessed marital harmony one should worship the chaste Umā Satī.
Verse 8
धर्मार्थ उत्तमश्लोकं तन्तु: तन्वन् पितृन् यजेत् । रक्षाकाम: पुण्यजनानोजस्कामो मरुद्गणान् ॥ ८ ॥
For dharma and the highest good, one should worship Uttamaśloka Bhagavān; and to safeguard one’s lineage and extend the family line, one should worship the forefathers. One seeking protection should worship the Puṇyajanas, and one seeking vigor should worship the hosts of the Maruts.
Verse 9
राज्यकामो मनून् देवान् निऋर्तिं त्वभिचरन् यजेत् । कामकामो यजेत् सोममकाम: पुरुषं परम् ॥ ९ ॥
One who desires sovereignty over a kingdom should worship the Manus; one who seeks victory over an enemy through hostile rites should worship Nirṛti. One who desires sensual enjoyment should worship Soma; but one who desires nothing of material pleasure should worship the Supreme Purusha, Bhagavān.
Verse 10
अकाम: सर्वकामो वा मोक्षकाम उदारधी: । तीव्रेण भक्तियोगेन यजेत पुरुषं परम् ॥ १० ॥
Whether one is desireless, filled with all desires, or longing for liberation, a person of broad intelligence must, by intense bhakti-yoga, worship the Supreme Purusha, Bhagavān.
Verse 11
एतावानेव यजतामिह नि:श्रेयसोदय: । भगवत्यचलो भावो यद् भागवतसंगत: ॥ ११ ॥
This alone is the dawning of the highest good for all who worship here: by the association of a Bhāgavata, the Lord’s pure devotee, there arises a spontaneous, unwavering love fixed upon Bhagavān.
Verse 12
ज्ञानं यदाप्रतिनिवृत्तगुणोर्मिचक्र - मात्मप्रसाद उत यत्र गुणेष्वसङ्ग: । कैवल्यसम्मतपथस्त्वथ भक्तियोग: को निर्वृतो हरिकथासु रतिं न कुर्यात् ॥ १२ ॥
Knowledge in relation to Hari wholly stills the waves and whirlpools of the material modes. Free from attachment to the guṇas, it delights the self and is approved even on the path of kaivalya; who, then, would not take loving relish in Harikathā?
Verse 13
शौनक उवाच इत्यभिव्याहृतं राजा निशम्य भरतर्षभ: । किमन्यत्पृष्टवान् भूयो वैयासकिमृषिं कविम् ॥ १३ ॥
Śaunaka said: After hearing all that was thus spoken, what further did King Parīkṣit, the foremost of the Bhāratas, inquire from the poet-sage Śukadeva Gosvāmī, son of Vyāsa?
Verse 14
एतच्छुश्रूषतां विद्वन् सूत नोऽर्हसि भाषितुम् । कथा हरिकथोदर्का: सतां स्यु: सदसि ध्रुवम् ॥ १४ ॥
O learned Sūta, please speak on, for we are eager to hear. Topics that culminate in Harikathā should certainly be discussed in the assembly of saints and devotees.
Verse 15
स वै भागवतो राजा पाण्डवेयो महारथ: । बालक्रीडनकै: क्रीडन् कृष्णक्रीडां य आददे ॥ १५ ॥
Mahārāja Parīkṣit, the Pāṇḍavas’ grandson and a mighty chariot-warrior, was a true Bhāgavata. From childhood, even while playing with dolls, he worshiped Śrī Kṛṣṇa by imitating the family Deity’s worship.
Verse 16
वैयासकिश्च भगवान् वासुदेवपरायण: । उरुगायगुणोदारा: सतां स्युर्हि समागमे ॥ १६ ॥
Śukadeva Gosvāmī, Vyāsa’s son, was filled with transcendental knowledge and wholly devoted to Vāsudeva. Therefore, in the company of saints there must surely have been discourse on the glorious qualities of Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the Urugāya praised by the great sages.
Verse 17
आयुर्हरति वै पुंसामुद्यन्नस्तं च यन्नसौ । तस्यर्ते यत्क्षणो नीत उत्तमश्लोकवार्तया ॥ १७ ॥
By its rising and setting, the sun steals away the life-span of all; except for one who spends each moment in discourse on the glories of the Lord, Uttamaśloka.
Verse 18
तरव: किं न जीवन्ति भस्त्रा: किं न श्वसन्त्युत । न खादन्ति न मेहन्ति किं ग्रामे पशवोऽपरे ॥ १८ ॥
Do not the trees live? Do not the blacksmith’s bellows breathe? And do not the beasts in the village eat and discharge their semen?
Verse 19
श्वविड्वराहोष्ट्रखरै: संस्तुत: पुरुष: पशु: । न यत्कर्णपथोपेतो जातु नाम गदाग्रज: ॥ १९ ॥
Men like dogs, hogs, camels, and asses praise that man who is but a beast, for he never lets the holy name and pastimes of Gada-graja, Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, enter the path of his ears.
Verse 20
बिले बतोरुक्रमविक्रमान् ये न शृण्वत: कर्णपुटे नरस्य । जिह्वासती दार्दुरिकेव सूत न चोपगायत्युरुगायगाथा: ॥ २० ॥
One who has not heard, within the ear, the prowess and wondrous deeds of Uru-krama, and who does not loudly sing the worthy songs of Uru-gāya, is deemed to have earholes like serpent burrows and a tongue like a frog’s.
Verse 21
भार: परं पट्टकिरीटजुष्ट - मप्युत्तमाङ्गं न नमेन्मुकुन्दम् । शावौ करौ नो कुरुते सपर्यां हरेर्लसत्काञ्चनकङ्कणौ वा ॥ २१ ॥
The head, though adorned with a silken turban and crown, is but a burden if it does not bow to Mukunda; and the hands, though glittering with golden bangles, are like a dead man’s if they do not render service to Hari.
Verse 22
बर्हायिते ते नयने नराणां लिङ्गानि विष्णोर्न निरीक्षतो ये । पादौ नृणां तौ द्रुमजन्मभाजौ क्षेत्राणि नानुव्रजतो हरेर्यौ ॥ २२ ॥
Eyes that do not behold the signs of Lord Viṣṇu—His forms, holy name, qualities, and līlā—are like eyes painted on a peacock’s plume; and legs that do not walk to the sacred places where Hari is remembered are deemed like tree trunks.
Verse 23
जीवञ्छवो भागवताङ्घ्रिरेणुं न जातु मर्त्योऽभिलभेत यस्तु । श्रीविष्णुपद्या मनुजस्तुलस्या: श्वसञ्छवो यस्तु न वेद गन्धम् ॥ २३ ॥
One who has never placed upon his head the dust of the feet of the Lord’s pure devotee is surely a living corpse; and one who has never known the fragrance of tulasī from the lotus feet of Śrī Viṣṇu is likewise a corpse, though breathing.
Verse 24
तदश्मसारं हृदयं बतेदं यद् गृह्यमाणैर्हरिनामधेयै: । न विक्रियेताथ यदा विकारो नेत्रे जलं गात्ररुहेषु हर्ष: ॥ २४ ॥
Surely that heart is steel-bound which, even while chanting Hari’s holy name with full attention, does not soften and change—so that, when ecstasy arises, tears do not fill the eyes and the hairs of the body do not stand on end.
Verse 25
अथाभिधेह्यङ्ग मनोऽनुकूलं प्रभाषसे भागवतप्रधान: । यदाह वैयासकिरात्मविद्या- विशारदो नृपतिं साधु पृष्ट: ॥ २५ ॥
O Sūta Gosvāmī, your speech is pleasing to our minds, for you are foremost in the Bhāgavata. Therefore, please explain to us exactly as the great devotee Śukadeva Gosvāmī—expert in transcendental self-knowledge—spoke to Mahārāja Parīkṣit when properly questioned.
The list illustrates the Vedic system of karma-kāṇḍa where specific desires are paired with specific cosmic administrators (devatās). The Bhāgavata uses this as a teaching device: it acknowledges the reality of desire-based religiosity while showing its limitations and redirecting the aspirant toward Viṣṇu-bhakti as the comprehensive and final goal.
The chapter states that a ‘broader intelligence’ worships the supreme whole regardless of being kāmī (full of desires), akāma (desireless), or mokṣa-kāma (seeking liberation). The principle is that Bhagavān is the root of all outcomes; devotion purifies desire, and through sādhu-saṅga it matures into steady attraction to Hari, which is presented as the highest perfection.
The text teaches that time (marked by sunrise and sunset) drains life for everyone except the person who uses time for hari-kathā—hearing and discussing the all-good Lord. The point is not a literal suspension of time, but that life’s purpose is fulfilled when time is invested in remembrance and devotion, making such living ‘truly alive’ in the Bhāgavata’s valuation.