Adhyaya 2

Verse 1

श्रीशुक उवाच ततश्चानुदिनं धर्म: सत्यं शौचं क्षमा दया । कालेन बलिना राजन् नङ्‌क्ष्यत्यायुर्बलं स्मृति: ॥ १ ॥

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: O King, by the powerful influence of the age of Kali, religion, truthfulness, purity, tolerance, mercy, and also longevity, bodily strength, and memory will diminish day by day.

Verse 2

वित्तमेव कलौ नृणां जन्माचारगुणोदय: । धर्मन्यायव्यवस्थायां कारणं बलमेव हि ॥ २ ॥

In Kali-yuga, wealth alone will be taken as the sign of good birth, proper conduct, and fine qualities, and in matters of dharma and justice, power alone will be the deciding cause.

Verse 3

दाम्पत्येऽभिरुचिर्हेतुर्मायैव व्यावहारिके । स्त्रीत्वे पुंस्त्वे च हि रतिर्विप्रत्वे सूत्रमेव हि ॥ ३ ॥

Men and women will live together merely from superficial attraction; success in worldly dealings will rest on deceit; femininity and masculinity will be judged by sexual expertise; and one will be known as a brāhmaṇa simply by wearing the sacred thread.

Verse 4

लिङ्गमेवाश्रमख्यातावन्योन्यापत्तिकारणम् । अवृत्त्या न्यायदौर्बल्यं पाण्डित्ये चापलं वच: ॥ ४ ॥

One’s spiritual standing will be judged merely by external symbols, and on that basis people will shift from one āśrama to another. If one cannot earn a good living, one’s propriety will be doubted, and mere skill in wordplay will be taken as true learning.

Verse 5

अनाढ्यतैवासाधुत्वे साधुत्वे दम्भ एव तु । स्वीकार एव चोद्वाहे स्न‍ानमेव प्रसाधनम् ॥ ५ ॥

A person will be judged unholy if he lacks wealth, and hypocrisy will be accepted as virtue. Marriage will be arranged by mere verbal agreement, and one will think oneself fit to appear in public simply by having taken a bath.

Verse 6

दूरे वार्ययनं तीर्थं लावण्यं केशधारणम् । उदरंभरता स्वार्थ: सत्यत्वे धार्ष्ट्यमेव हि । दाक्ष्यं कुटुम्बभरणं यशोऽर्थे धर्मसेवनम् ॥ ६ ॥

A holy place will be regarded as nothing more than a distant reservoir of water, and beauty will be judged by one’s hairstyle. Filling the belly will become life’s aim, and the audacious will be accepted as truthful. One who can maintain a family will be called expert, and dharma will be practiced only for reputation.

Verse 7

एवं प्रजाभिर्दुष्टाभिराकीर्णे क्षितिमण्डले । ब्रह्मविट्‍क्षत्रशूद्राणां यो बली भविता नृप: ॥ ७ ॥

As the earth becomes crowded with a corrupt populace, whoever among the brāhmaṇa, vaiśya, kṣatriya, or śūdra classes proves the strongest will obtain political power as king.

Verse 8

प्रजा हि लुब्धै राजन्यैर्निर्घृणैर्दस्युधर्मभि: । आच्छिन्नदारद्रविणा यास्यन्ति गिरिकाननम् ॥ ८ ॥

Avaricious and merciless rulers will behave like common thieves; robbed of their wives and wealth, the citizens will flee to the mountains and forests.

Verse 9

शाकमूलामिषक्षौद्रफलपुष्पाष्टिभोजना: । अनावृष्टय‍ा विनङ्‌क्ष्यन्ति दुर्भिक्षकरपीडिता: ॥ ९ ॥

Harassed by famine and crushing taxes, people will subsist on leaves, roots, flesh, wild honey, fruits, flowers, and seeds. Struck by drought, they will be utterly ruined.

Verse 10

शीतवातातपप्रावृड्‌‌हिमैरन्योन्यत: प्रजा: । क्षुत्तृड्भ्यां व्याधिभिश्चैव सन्तप्स्यन्ते च चिन्तया ॥ १० ॥

The citizens will suffer greatly from cold, wind, heat, rain, and snow, and will be further tormented by quarrels, hunger and thirst, disease, and severe anxiety.

Verse 11

त्रिंशद्विंशतिवर्षाणि परमायु: कलौ नृणाम् ॥ ११ ॥

The maximum duration of life for human beings in Kali-yuga will become fifty years.

Verse 12

क्षीयमाणेषु देहेषु देहिनां कलिदोषत: । वर्णाश्रमवतां धर्मे नष्टे वेदपथे नृणाम् ॥ १२ ॥ पाषण्डप्रचुरे धर्मे दस्युप्रायेषु राजसु । चौर्यानृतवृथाहिंसानानावृत्तिषु वै नृषु ॥ १३ ॥ शूद्रप्रायेषु वर्णेषुच्छागप्रायासु धेनुषु । गृहप्रायेष्वाश्रमेषु यौनप्रायेषु बन्धुषु ॥ १४ ॥ अणुप्रायास्वोषधीषु शमीप्रायेषु स्थास्नुषु । विद्युत्प्रायेषु मेघेषु शून्यप्रायेषु सद्मसु ॥ १५ ॥ इत्थं कलौ गतप्राये जनेषु खरधर्मिषु । धर्मत्राणाय सत्त्वेन भगवानवतरिष्यति ॥ १६ ॥

By the time the Age of Kali ends, bodies will reduce, and Vedic principles will be ruined. At that time, the Supreme Lord will appear to rescue eternal religion.

Verse 13

क्षीयमाणेषु देहेषु देहिनां कलिदोषत: । वर्णाश्रमवतां धर्मे नष्टे वेदपथे नृणाम् ॥ १२ ॥ पाषण्डप्रचुरे धर्मे दस्युप्रायेषु राजसु । चौर्यानृतवृथाहिंसानानावृत्तिषु वै नृषु ॥ १३ ॥ शूद्रप्रायेषु वर्णेषुच्छागप्रायासु धेनुषु । गृहप्रायेष्वाश्रमेषु यौनप्रायेषु बन्धुषु ॥ १४ ॥ अणुप्रायास्वोषधीषु शमीप्रायेषु स्थास्नुषु । विद्युत्प्रायेषु मेघेषु शून्यप्रायेषु सद्मसु ॥ १५ ॥ इत्थं कलौ गतप्राये जनेषु खरधर्मिषु । धर्मत्राणाय सत्त्वेन भगवानवतरिष्यति ॥ १६ ॥

By the time the Age of Kali ends, bodies will reduce, and Vedic principles will be ruined. At that time, the Supreme Lord will appear to rescue eternal religion.

Verse 14

क्षीयमाणेषु देहेषु देहिनां कलिदोषत: । वर्णाश्रमवतां धर्मे नष्टे वेदपथे नृणाम् ॥ १२ ॥ पाषण्डप्रचुरे धर्मे दस्युप्रायेषु राजसु । चौर्यानृतवृथाहिंसानानावृत्तिषु वै नृषु ॥ १३ ॥ शूद्रप्रायेषु वर्णेषुच्छागप्रायासु धेनुषु । गृहप्रायेष्वाश्रमेषु यौनप्रायेषु बन्धुषु ॥ १४ ॥ अणुप्रायास्वोषधीषु शमीप्रायेषु स्थास्नुषु । विद्युत्प्रायेषु मेघेषु शून्यप्रायेषु सद्मसु ॥ १५ ॥ इत्थं कलौ गतप्राये जनेषु खरधर्मिषु । धर्मत्राणाय सत्त्वेन भगवानवतरिष्यति ॥ १६ ॥

By the time the Age of Kali ends, bodies will reduce, and Vedic principles will be ruined. At that time, the Supreme Lord will appear to rescue eternal religion.

Verse 15

क्षीयमाणेषु देहेषु देहिनां कलिदोषत: । वर्णाश्रमवतां धर्मे नष्टे वेदपथे नृणाम् ॥ १२ ॥ पाषण्डप्रचुरे धर्मे दस्युप्रायेषु राजसु । चौर्यानृतवृथाहिंसानानावृत्तिषु वै नृषु ॥ १३ ॥ शूद्रप्रायेषु वर्णेषुच्छागप्रायासु धेनुषु । गृहप्रायेष्वाश्रमेषु यौनप्रायेषु बन्धुषु ॥ १४ ॥ अणुप्रायास्वोषधीषु शमीप्रायेषु स्थास्नुषु । विद्युत्प्रायेषु मेघेषु शून्यप्रायेषु सद्मसु ॥ १५ ॥ इत्थं कलौ गतप्राये जनेषु खरधर्मिषु । धर्मत्राणाय सत्त्वेन भगवानवतरिष्यति ॥ १६ ॥

By the time the Age of Kali ends, bodies will reduce, and Vedic principles will be ruined. At that time, the Supreme Lord will appear to rescue eternal religion.

Verse 16

क्षीयमाणेषु देहेषु देहिनां कलिदोषत: । वर्णाश्रमवतां धर्मे नष्टे वेदपथे नृणाम् ॥ १२ ॥ पाषण्डप्रचुरे धर्मे दस्युप्रायेषु राजसु । चौर्यानृतवृथाहिंसानानावृत्तिषु वै नृषु ॥ १३ ॥ शूद्रप्रायेषु वर्णेषुच्छागप्रायासु धेनुषु । गृहप्रायेष्वाश्रमेषु यौनप्रायेषु बन्धुषु ॥ १४ ॥ अणुप्रायास्वोषधीषु शमीप्रायेषु स्थास्नुषु । विद्युत्प्रायेषु मेघेषु शून्यप्रायेषु सद्मसु ॥ १५ ॥ इत्थं कलौ गतप्राये जनेषु खरधर्मिषु । धर्मत्राणाय सत्त्वेन भगवानवतरिष्यति ॥ १६ ॥

By the end of the Age of Kali, the bodies of living beings will shrink under Kali’s corruption; the dharma of varṇāśrama will be ruined, and the Vedic path will be forgotten among men. Religion will be crowded with heresy and godlessness; kings will be mostly thieves; people will live by stealing, lying, and pointless violence; all social orders will sink to the level of śūdras. Cows will be like goats, āśramas like ordinary homes, and family bonds will reach no farther than the tie of marriage. Herbs will be tiny, trees dwarf like the śamī, clouds will flash with lightning, homes will be bereft of piety, and men will become like asses. Then the Supreme Lord will descend, empowered by pure sattva, to protect and restore eternal dharma.

Verse 17

चराचरगुरोर्विष्णोरीश्वरस्याखिलात्मन: । धर्मत्राणाय साधूनां जन्म कर्मापनुत्तये ॥ १७ ॥

Lord Viṣṇu—the supreme Lord, guru of all moving and nonmoving beings, and the Soul of all—takes birth to protect dharma and to free His saintly devotees from the reactions of material work.

Verse 18

शम्भलग्राममुख्यस्य ब्राह्मणस्य महात्मन: । भवने विष्णुयशस: कल्कि: प्रादुर्भविष्यति ॥ १८ ॥

Lord Kalki will appear in the home of Viṣṇuyaśā, the great-souled brāhmaṇa who is foremost in the village of Śambhala.

Verse 19

अश्वमाशुगमारुह्य देवदत्तं जगत्पति: । असिनासाधुदमनमष्टैश्वर्यगुणान्वित: ॥ १९ ॥ विचरन्नाशुना क्षौण्यां हयेनाप्रतिमद्युति: । नृपलिङ्गच्छदो दस्यून्कोटिशो निहनिष्यति ॥ २० ॥

Lord Kalki, the Lord of the universe, will mount His swift horse Devadatta and, sword in hand, race across the earth, revealing His eight mystic opulences and divine qualities. Shining with unequaled splendor, He will slay by the millions those thieves who dared to masquerade as kings.

Verse 20

अश्वमाशुगमारुह्य देवदत्तं जगत्पति: । असिनासाधुदमनमष्टैश्वर्यगुणान्वित: ॥ १९ ॥ विचरन्नाशुना क्षौण्यां हयेनाप्रतिमद्युति: । नृपलिङ्गच्छदो दस्यून्कोटिशो निहनिष्यति ॥ २० ॥

Lord Kalki, the Lord of the universe, will mount His swift horse Devadatta and, sword in hand, race across the earth, revealing His eight mystic opulences and divine qualities. Shining with unequaled splendor, He will slay by the millions those thieves who dared to masquerade as kings.

Verse 21

अथ तेषां भविष्यन्ति मनांसि विशदानि वै । वासुदेवाङ्गरागातिपुण्यगन्धानिलस्पृशाम् । पौरजानपदानां वै हतेष्वखिलदस्युषु ॥ २१ ॥

After all the impostor kings of a plundering nature are slain, the people of cities and villages will feel the breeze bearing the supremely sacred fragrance of Lord Vāsudeva’s sandalwood paste and divine ornaments, and thus their minds will become transcendently pure.

Verse 22

तेषां प्रजाविसर्गश्च स्थविष्ठ: सम्भविष्यति । वासुदेवे भगवति सत्त्वमूर्तौ हृदि स्थिते ॥ २२ ॥

When Lord Vāsudeva, the Bhagavān in His transcendental form of goodness (sattva), becomes established within their hearts, the remaining citizens will generate abundant progeny, and the earth will again be richly populated.

Verse 23

यदावतीर्णो भगवान् कल्किर्धर्मपतिर्हरि: । कृतं भविष्यति तदा प्रजासूतिश्च सात्त्विकी ॥ २३ ॥

When Bhagavān Hari, the maintainer of dharma, descends upon the earth as Kalki, then Satya-yuga (Kṛta-yuga) will begin, and human society will bring forth progeny in the mode of goodness (sattva).

Verse 24

यदा चन्द्रश्च सूर्यश्च तथा तिष्यबृहस्पती । एकराशौ समेष्यन्ति भविष्यति तदा कृतम् ॥ २४ ॥

When the moon, the sun, and Bṛhaspati associated with the lunar mansion Tiṣya (Puṣyā) come together in a single zodiacal sign, at that very moment the age of Satya, or Kṛta, will begin.

Verse 25

येऽतीता वर्तमाना ये भविष्यन्ति च पार्थिवा: । ते त उद्देशत: प्रोक्ता वंशीया: सोमसूर्ययो: ॥ २५ ॥

Thus I have described, in summary, all the kings—past, present, and future—who belong to the dynasties of the sun and the moon.

Verse 26

आरभ्य भवतो जन्म यावन्नन्दाभिषेचनम् । एतद् वर्षसहस्रं तु शतं पञ्चदशोत्तरम् ॥ २६ ॥

From Your birth until the coronation of King Nanda, one thousand one hundred and fifty years will pass.

Verse 27

सप्तर्षीणां तु यौ पूर्वौ द‍ृश्येते उदितौ दिवि । तयोस्तु मध्ये नक्षत्रं द‍ृश्यते यत् समं निशि ॥ २७ ॥ तेनैव ऋषयो युक्तास्तिष्ठन्त्यब्दशतं नृणाम् । ते त्वदीये द्विजा: काल अधुना चाश्रिता मघा: ॥ २८ ॥

Among the stars of the Seven Sages, Pulaha and Kratu are seen rising first in the night sky. If one draws a north–south line through their midpoint, whichever lunar mansion that line passes through is called the ruling nakṣatra for that time. The Seven Sages remain linked with that nakṣatra for one hundred human years; in your lifetime they are now situated in the nakṣatra named Maghā.

Verse 28

सप्तर्षीणां तु यौ पूर्वौ द‍ृश्येते उदितौ दिवि । तयोस्तु मध्ये नक्षत्रं द‍ृश्यते यत् समं निशि ॥ २७ ॥ तेनैव ऋषयो युक्तास्तिष्ठन्त्यब्दशतं नृणाम् । ते त्वदीये द्विजा: काल अधुना चाश्रिता मघा: ॥ २८ ॥

Thus the Seven Sages remain linked with that nakṣatra for one hundred human years; in your lifetime they are now situated in Maghā.

Verse 29

विष्णोर्भगवतो भानु: कृष्णाख्योऽसौ दिवं गत: । तदाविशत् कलिर्लोकं पापे यद् रमते जन: ॥ २९ ॥

When the Supreme Lord Viṣṇu, radiant like the sun and known as Kṛṣṇa, returned to the spiritual sky, Kali entered this world, and people began to delight in sinful acts.

Verse 30

यावत् स पादपद्माभ्यां स्पृशनास्ते रमापति: । तावत् कलिर्वै पृथिवीं पराक्रन्तुं न चाशकत् ॥ ३० ॥

As long as Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the husband of the Goddess of Fortune, touched the earth with His lotus feet, Kali was powerless to subdue this planet.

Verse 31

यदा देवर्षय: सप्त मघासु विचरन्ति हि । तदा प्रवृत्तस्तु कलिर्द्वादशाब्दशतात्मक: ॥ ३१ ॥

When the seven divine sages (Saptarṣi) pass through the lunar mansion Maghā, the Age of Kali begins; its measure is twelve hundred years of the devas.

Verse 32

यदा मघाभ्यो यास्यन्ति पूर्वाषाढां महर्षय: । तदा नन्दात् प्रभृत्येष कलिर्वृद्धिं गमिष्यति ॥ ३२ ॥

When the great sages move from Maghā to Pūrvāsāḍhā, then, beginning with King Nanda and his line, Kali will grow to his full strength.

Verse 33

यस्मिन् कृष्णो दिवं यातस्तस्मिन्नेव तदाहनि । प्रतिपन्नं कलियुगमिति प्राहु: पुराविद: ॥ ३३ ॥

Those who know the ancient past declare that on the very day Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa departed for the spiritual realm, the influence of Kali-yuga began.

Verse 34

दिव्याब्दानां सहस्रान्ते चतुर्थे तु पुन: कृतम् । भविष्यति तदा नृणां मन आत्मप्रकाशकम् ॥ ३४ ॥

After a thousand celestial years of Kali-yuga, at the end of its fourth portion, Kṛta-yuga (Satya-yuga) will manifest again; then the minds of men will become self-effulgent.

Verse 35

इत्येष मानवो वंशो यथा सङ्ख्यायते भुवि । तथा विट्‌शूद्रविप्राणां तास्ता ज्ञेया युगे युगे ॥ ३५ ॥

Thus I have described Manu’s royal dynasty as it is known on this earth. In the same way, one may learn the histories of the vaiśyas, śūdras, and brāhmaṇas in each age.

Verse 36

एतेषां नामलिङ्गानां पुरुषाणां महात्मनाम् । कथामात्रावशिष्टानां कीर्तिरेव स्थिता भुवि ॥ ३६ ॥

These great souls are now known only by their names and signs. They remain merely in the narratives of the past, and on earth only their fame endures.

Verse 37

देवापि: शान्तनोर्भ्राता मरुश्चेक्ष्वाकुवंशज: । कलापग्राम आसाते महायोगबलान्वितौ ॥ ३७ ॥

Devāpi, the brother of Mahārāja Śāntanu, and Maru, a descendant of Ikṣvāku, both endowed with great yogic power, are still living in the village of Kalāpa.

Verse 38

ताविहैत्य कलेरन्ते वासुदेवानुशिक्षितौ । वर्णाश्रमयुतं धर्मं पूर्ववत् प्रथयिष्यत: ॥ ३८ ॥

At the end of Kali-yuga, those two kings, having been instructed directly by Vāsudeva, will return and reestablish in human society the eternal dharma with the orders of varṇa and āśrama, just as before.

Verse 39

कृतं त्रेता द्वापरं च कलिश्चेति चतुर्युगम् । अनेन क्रमयोगेन भुवि प्राणिषु वर्तते ॥ ३९ ॥

The fourfold cycle—Satya, Tretā, Dvāpara, and Kali—moves perpetually among living beings on this earth, repeating the same sequence.

Verse 40

राजन्नेते मया प्रोक्ता नरदेवास्तथापरे । भूमौ ममत्वं कृत्वान्ते हित्वेमां निधनं गता: ॥ ४० ॥

O King Parīkṣit, all these human kings I have described, and all others as well, come to this earth claiming “mine,” but in the end they must abandon it and meet destruction.

Verse 41

कृमिविड्भस्मसंज्ञान्ते राजनाम्नोऽपि यस्य च । भूतध्रुक् तत्कृते स्वार्थं किं वेद निरयो यत: ॥ ४१ ॥

Though one’s body may now bear the title “king,” in the end it is known only as “worms,” “stool,” or “ashes.” How can one who harms living beings for the sake of the body know his true self-interest, when his deeds lead him only to hell?

Verse 42

कथं सेयमखण्डा भू: पूर्वैर्मे पुरुषैर्धृता । मत्पुत्रस्य च पौत्रस्य मत्पूर्वा वंशजस्य वा ॥ ४२ ॥

The materialistic king thinks: “This boundless earth was held by my forefathers and is now under my rule. How can I arrange that it remain in the hands of my sons, grandsons, and other descendants?”

Verse 43

तेजोऽबन्नमयं कायं गृहीत्वात्मतयाबुधा: । महीं ममतया चोभौ हित्वान्तेऽदर्शनं गता: ॥ ४३ ॥

The foolish accept the body made of earth, water, and fire as “I,” and this earth as “mine.” Yet in every case they finally abandon both body and land and pass away from sight.

Verse 44

ये ये भूपतयो राजन् भुञ्जते भुवमोजसा । कालेन ते कृता: सर्वे कथामात्रा: कथासु च ॥ ४४ ॥

My dear King Parīkṣit, all those kings who tried to enjoy the earth by their own strength were, by the power of time, reduced to mere accounts within history and story.