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Shloka 19

Parīkṣit’s Questions and the Prelude to Kṛṣṇa’s Advent

Earth’s Burden, Viṣṇu’s Order, and Kaṁsa’s Fear

ब्रह्मा तदुपधार्याथ सह देवैस्तया सह । जगाम सत्रिनयनस्तीरं क्षीरपयोनिधे: ॥ १९ ॥

brahmā tad-upadhāryātha saha devais tayā saha jagāma sa-tri-nayanas tīraṁ kṣīra-payo-nidheḥ

Having heard Mother Earth’s distress, Lord Brahmā, accompanied by her, Lord Śiva, and all the demigods, went to the shore of the Ocean of Milk.

ब्रह्माBrahmā
ब्रह्मा:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (object of gerund)
उपधार्यhaving understood
उपधार्य:
क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa)
TypeVerb
Rootउप-धृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/Absolutive), ‘having considered/understood’; उपसर्ग: उप
अथthen
अथ:
सम्बन्ध/अन्वय (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle)
सहtogether with
सह:
सहकारक (Saha/Association)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (preposition-like), ‘with’
देवैःwith the gods
देवैः:
सहकारक (Saha/Association via instrumental)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
तयाwith her
तया:
सहकारक (Saha/Association)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
सहtogether (with)
सह:
सम्बन्ध/अन्वय (Discourse)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (repetition for emphasis)
जगामwent
जगाम:
क्रिया (Kriyā)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
स-त्रि-नयनः(he) with three eyes
स-त्रि-नयनः:
विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa of ब्रह्मा)
TypeAdjective
Rootस + त्रि + नयन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि (यस्य त्रि नयनानि सः/one who has three eyes)
तीरम्to the shore
तीरम्:
कर्म (Karma/Goal as object of motion)
TypeNoun
Rootतीर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
क्षीर-पयः-निधेःof the ocean of milk
क्षीर-पयः-निधेः:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षीर + पयस् + निधि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (क्षीरं च पयश्च यस्य/‘ocean of milk and water’ i.e., Milk Ocean)

After Lord Brahmā understood the precarious condition of the earth, he first visited the demigods headed by Lord Indra, who are in charge of the various affairs of this universe, and Lord Śiva, who is responsible for annihilation. Both maintenance and annihilation go on perpetually, under the order of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. As stated in Bhagavad-gītā (4.8) , paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṁ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām. Those who are obedient to the laws of God are protected by different servants and demigods, whereas those who are undesirable are vanquished by Lord Śiva. Lord Brahmā first met all the demigods, including Lord Śiva. Then, along with mother earth, they went to the shore of the Ocean of Milk, where Lord Viṣṇu lies on a white island, Śvetadvīpa.

B
Brahmā
Ś
Śiva (Tri-nayana)
D
Devas (demigods)
B
Bhūmi-devī (Earth goddess)
K
Kṣīra-samudra (Milk Ocean)

FAQs

They go to Kṣīra-samudra, the traditional place of approaching Lord Viṣṇu, to seek divine intervention for relieving the Earth’s burden and to facilitate the Lord’s descent.

The ‘three-eyed’ (tri-nayana) refers to Lord Śiva, who accompanies Brahmā and the demigods.

It models taking collective responsibility and approaching the highest divine shelter with humility—seeking guidance rather than relying only on personal power.