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Shloka 1

The Appearance and Coronation of King Pṛthu (Pṛthu-avatāra) and His Humble Refusal of Premature Praise

मैत्रेय उवाच अथ तस्य पुनर्विप्रैरपुत्रस्य महीपते: । बाहुभ्यां मथ्यमानाभ्यां मिथुनं समपद्यत ॥ १ ॥

maitreya uvāca atha tasya punar viprair aputrasya mahīpateḥ bāhubhyāṁ mathyamānābhyāṁ mithunaṁ samapadyata

Maitreya said: My dear Vidura, the brāhmaṇas and great sages again churned the two arms of King Vena’s dead body, though he had no son. From those arms a male and female pair emerged.

मैत्रेयःMaitreya
मैत्रेयः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमैत्रेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
अथthen
अथ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भार्थक (then/now)
तस्यof him
तस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
पुनःagain
पुनः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; पुनरावृत्ति/पुनः (again)
विप्रैःby the brāhmaṇas
विप्रैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
अपुत्रस्यsonless
अपुत्रस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Qualifier of possessor)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ + पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; नञ्-समास/नकारार्थक-उपपद (without a son) विशेषणम्
महीपतेःof the king (lord of the earth)
महीपतेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootमही + पति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (मही-याः पतिः)
बाहुभ्याम्by (his) two arms
बाहुभ्याम्:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootबाहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, द्विवचन
मथ्यमानाभ्याम्being churned/rubbed
मथ्यमानाभ्याम्:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeAdjective
Root√मथ् (धातु) + यमान (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमानकर्मणि कृदन्त (present passive participle; -यमान); नपुंसक/स्त्रीलिङ्ग-रूपेण तृतीया, द्विवचन; बाहुभ्याम् इति विशेषणम्
मिथुनम्a pair, a couple
मिथुनम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमिथुन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
समपद्यतcame into being, arose
समपद्यत:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-√पद् (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
M
Maitreya
B
brāhmaṇas
K
King Vena

FAQs

This verse explains that when the brāhmaṇas churned the arms of the sonless King Vena, a male and female pair manifested—introducing the divine arrangement for righteous kingship through Prithu’s appearance.

Within the narrative, the brāhmaṇas acted to restore dharma in the kingdom; by churning Vena’s arms, they brought forth progeny suited to reestablish proper rule.

Leadership should be aligned with dharma and guided by wise, principled counsel; when governance becomes unrighteous, corrective action rooted in spiritual values is necessary for society’s welfare.