Mantra 1

Sukta 39

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

आपः। दिव्यं सुपर्णं पयसं बृहन्तमपां गर्भं वृषभमोषधीनाम्। अभीपतो वृष्ट्या तर्पयन्तमा नो गोष्ठे रयिष्ठां स्थापयाति

IAST Transliteration

ā́paḥ | divyáṃ supárṇaṃ payasáṃ bṛhántam apā́ṃ gárbhaṃ vṛṣabhám óṣadhīnām | abhī́pato vṛṣṭyā́ tarpáyantam ā́ no goṣṭhé rayiṣṭhā́ṃ sthāpayāti ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Waters! The heavenly fair-winged one, the great nourishment—waters’ embryo, the bull of herbs—descending, with rain refreshing: may it establish for us, within the cow-stall, wealth most rich.

Word by Word

• आपः: waters
• आपः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक) → आप्-

• दिव्यम्: heavenly, celestial
• दिव्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य (प्रातिपदिक; दिव् ‘द्युत्/स्वर्ग’ से) → दिव्य-

• सुपर्णम्: the fair-winged one (bird; often the sun/Agni as a bird)
• सुपर्णम्: Karma
• Type: Noun (also used adjectivally)
• Root: सुपर्ण (प्रातिपदिक) → सुपर्ण-

• पयसः: of milk; of sap/nourishing fluid
• पयसः: Sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस् (प्रातिपदिक) → पयस्-

• बृहन्तम्: great, vast
• बृहन्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहन्त् (प्रातिपदिक) → बृहन्त्-

• अपाम्: of the waters
• अपाम्: Sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक) → अप्-

• गर्भम्: embryo; womb; inner essence
• गर्भम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्भ (प्रातिपदिक) → गर्भ-

• वृषभम्: bull (fertilizing/strong one)
• वृषभम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक) → वृषभ-

• ओषधीनाम्: of the herbs/medicinal plants
• ओषधीनाम्: Sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओषधि (प्रातिपदिक) → ओषधि-

• अभीपतः: flying toward; swooping upon
• अभीपतः: Karma
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: अभि-√पत् (पत् ‘गत्यर्थ’) → अभीपत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त/शतृ)

• वृष्ट्या: with rain; by rainfall
• वृष्ट्या: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक) → वृष्टि-

• तर्पयन्तम्: satisfying; causing to be filled/refreshed
• तर्पयन्तम्: Karma
• Type: Participle (causative present)
• Root: √तृप् (तर्पणे) → तर्पयत् (णिच्; शतृ)

• आ: toward; hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• नः: for us / of us
• नः: Sampradāna (beneficiary) / Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम) → नः

• गोष्ठे: in the cowshed; in the cattle-pen
• गोष्ठे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक) → गोष्ठ-

• रयिष्ठाम्: the richest; most prosperous (fortune)
• रयिष्ठाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (superlative)
• Root: रयिष्ठा (प्रातिपदिक; superlative of रयि ‘wealth’) → रयिष्ठा-

• स्थापयाति: sets/establishes; causes to be placed
• स्थापयाति: Kartā (implicit subject: आपः) / main predicate
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (गतिनिवृत्तौ/स्थितौ) → स्थापयति (णिच्) ; here Vedic variant 3sg

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (hymn-level attribution varies by anukramaṇī)

Devata: Āpas (Waters) / Rain-nourishment as divine agency

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like cadence (longer pādas; not strict anuṣṭubh)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"Awe at cosmic nourishment → calm assurance of established wealth.","listener_experience":"Cooling, expansive, trust in natural order; sense of being ‘provided for’.","intensity":4}