Mantra 2

Sukta 40

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

ये दक्षिणतो जुह्वति जातवेदो दक्षिणाया दिशोऽभिदासन्त्यस्मान्। यममृत्वा ते पराञ्चो व्यथन्तां प्रत्यगेनान् प्रतिसरेण हन्मि

IAST Transliteration

yé dakṣiṇató juhváti jātavēdo dákṣiṇāyā diśó ’bhidā́santy asmā́n | yamám ṛtvā́ té parā́ñco vyathantāṁ pratyagéna pratisarḗṇa hanmi

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Whoso from the south offer, O Jātavedas—who from the southern quarter assail us: taking Yama in due order, let them be turned away and tremble; with the counter-turning, with the counter-charm, I smite them down.

Word by Word

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• दक्षिणतः: from/on the south (southern side)
• दक्षिणतः: अधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable (directional adverb)
• Root: दक्षिण (प्रातिपदिक)

• जुह्वति: they offer (pour as oblation)
• जुह्वति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: हु (धातु)

• जातवेदः: O Jātavedas (Agni)
• जातवेदः: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative address)
• Root: जातवेदस् (प्रातिपदिक; अग्नि-नाम)

• दक्षिणायाः: of the south
• दक्षिणायाः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिणा (प्रातिपदिक)

• दिशः: of the direction/quarter
• दिशः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभिदासन्ति: they assail/attack
• अभिदासन्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि + दस् (धातु; ‘to harm/assail’)

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• यमम्: Yama (Death)
• यमम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋत्वा: having gone to / having reached
• ऋत्वा: पूर्वकाल
• Type: Gerund
• Root: ऋ (धातु; ‘to go/attain’) → क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय

• ते: they
• ते: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पराञ्चः: turned away; going away
• पराञ्चः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पराञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्यथन्ताम्: let them be pained/afflicted
• व्यथन्ताम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यथ् (धातु; ‘to be distressed/tremble’)

• प्रत्यगेनान्: them, turned back toward (us) / those facing back
• प्रत्यगेनान्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun/Adjectival form (Vedic compound-like inflection)
• Root: प्रत्यग् (प्रातिपदिक) + एन (तृतीया-एकवचन-प्रत्ययः, वैदिकः) + आन् (द्वितीया-बहुवचन-प्रत्ययः, ‘अस्मान्’ इत्यर्थे वैदिक-प्रयोगः)

• प्रतिसरेण: with a counter-charm/amulet
• प्रतिसरेण: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतिसर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘counter-charm, amulet, counter-spell’)

• हन्मि: I strike/kill (I smite)
• हन्मि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (not specified in excerpt)

Devata: Yama (as quarter-power) with Jātavedas addressed

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like (requires metrical confirmation)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"bhayankara","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"Threat recognized → consequence invoked → aggressor recoils → decisive neutralization.","listener_experience":"Sobering courage; firm boundary without panic.","intensity":7}