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Mantra 2

Sukta 79

मा नो अज्ञाता वृजना दुराध्यो३माशिवासो अव क्रमुः । त्वया वयं प्रवतः शश्वतीरपोऽति शूर तरामसि

mā no ajñā́tā vr̥jánā durādhyò mā́śivā́so áva kramuḥ | tváyā vayáṃ pravátaḥ śáśvatīr apó ’tí śūra tarāmasi ||

Let not unknown hostile bands, hard to be withstood, let not the inauspicious step down upon us. With thee we, O Hero, cross over the ever-recurring descents, and pass beyond the waters.

माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा (निषेध) / मा (अव्यय)
नःto/for us; our
नः:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
अज्ञाताःunknown (ones)
अज्ञाताः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-ज्ञात (√ज्ञा ‘to know’ + नञ्)
वृजनाःharmers; hostile men (lit. injurers)
वृजनाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootवृजन
दुराध्यःhard to overcome/ward off
दुराध्यः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootदुराध्य (दुर्- + आध्य/आधि-)
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा (निषेध) / मा (अव्यय)
अशिवासःinauspicious; harmful
अशिवासः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-शिव (नञ् + शिव)
अवdown; away
अव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअव
क्रमुःmay they step/advance
क्रमुः:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√क्रम्
त्वयाby you; with you
त्वया:
Karaṇa
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
वयम्we
वयम्:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
प्रवतःstreams/flows (downward waters)
प्रवतः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवत्
शश्वतीःeverlasting; continual
शश्वतीः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशश्वत्
अपःwaters
अपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
अतिacross; beyond
अति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति
शूरO hero
शूर:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootशूर
तरामसिwe cross; we pass over
तरामसि:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√तॄ (तरति)

Rishi: Ṛgvedic attribution (AV 20 borrowing): traditionally Indra-stuti seers; specific r̥ṣi depends on RV source-hymn mapping in the Anukramaṇī tradition.

Devata: Indra (as Śūra, protector and guide across dangers)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (RV-style; AV 20 predominantly RV meters)

{"primary_rasa":"bhayankara","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"Alertness to threat → invocation of hero → relief through successful crossing.","listener_experience":"A guarded calm: fear acknowledged, then contained and surpassed.","intensity":7}